Effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions to improve body composition and muscle strength or function in sarcopenic obese older adults: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Although sarcopenic obesity (SO) poses a major public health concern, a robust approach for the optimization of body composition and strength/function in SO has not yet been established. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional (focusing on energy and protein modulation) and exercise interventions, either individually or combined, on body composition and strength/function in older adults with SO. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched. Main inclusion criteria comprised sarcopenia as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and obesity defined as % body fat ≥40% (women) and ≥28% (men). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), randomized controlled crossover trials and controlled clinical trials with older adults (mean age ≥65 years) following a nutritional regimen and/or an exercise training program were considered. Out of 109 full text articles identified, only two RCTs (61 participants) met the inclusion criteria. One study was a nutritional intervention adding 15 g protein·day-1 (via cheese consumption) to the participants' habitual diet. The second study was a high-speed circuit resistance training intervention. Body composition did not change significantly in either of the studies. However, the exercise intervention improved significantly muscle strength and physical function. Although this review was limited by the small number of eligible studies, it provides evidence for the potential benefits of exercise and highlights the necessity for future research to develop effective interventions including dietary and exercise regimens to combat sarcopenic obesity.
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A literature review of available systematic reviews identified 5 systematic reviews that provide information about the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions on sarcopenic obesity in older adults or in adults in general.
“A literature review of available systematic reviews identified 5 systematic reviews that provide information about the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional interventions on sarcopenic obesity in older adults or in adults in general.20–24”
From Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
None of the identified systematic reviews focused solely on persons of retirement age.
“None of these systematic reviews focused solely on persons of retirement age, and meta-analysis was performed in only 3 of them.”
From Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Meta-analysis was performed in only 3 of the identified systematic reviews.
“None of these systematic reviews focused solely on persons of retirement age, and meta-analysis was performed in only 3 of them.”
From Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Theodorakopoulos, C., Jones, J., Bannerman, E., & Greig, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Queen Margaret University (GB)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Arthritis Research UK (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Jacklyn
- Venue
- Nutrition Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 43
- Pages
- 3-15
- ISSN
- 0271-5317 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2612183129
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Queen Margaret University
- Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1, MR/P021220/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, obesity, older adults, body composition, muscle strength, physical function, dietary intervention, protein supplementation, exercise training, resistance training, caloric restriction
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Body Composition, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia
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