What Is Sarcopenia?

Evans, W. J.

doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.5

Cited by 606Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and DisordersFrailty in Older Adults

What Is Sarcopenia?

Evans, W. J.·1995·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

DOI 10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.5

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Advancing adult age is associated with profound changes in body composition, the principal component of which is a decrease in skeletal muscle mass. This age-related loss in skeletal muscle has been referred to as sarcopenia. Age-related reduction in muscle is a direct cause of the age-related decrease in muscle strength. Muscle mass (not function) appears to be the major determinant of the age- and sex-related differences in strength. This relationship is independent of muscle location (upper vs lower extremities) and function (extension vs flexion). Reduced muscle strength in the elderly is a major cause for their increased prevalence of disability. With advancing age and extremely low activity levels seen in the very old, muscle strength is a critical component of walking ability. The high prevalence of falls among the institutionalized elderly may be a consequence of their lower muscle strength. Daily energy expenditure declines progressively throughout adult life. In sedentary individuals, the main determinant of energy expenditure is fat-free mass, which declines by about 15% between the third and eighth decade of life, contributing to a lower basal metabolic rate in the elderly. Data indicate that preservation of muscle mass and prevention of sarcopenia can help prevent the decrease in metabolic rate. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and its age-related decline may contribute to such age-associated changes as reduction in bone density, insulin sensitivity, and aerobic capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.5

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Adults 65 years and older are at increased risk of sarcopenia, characterized by an age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass with accompanying losses of strength and physical function.
“Adults 65 years and older are at increased risk of sarcopenia, characterized by an age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass, with accompanying losses of strength and physical function [74, 75].”
From The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [74]

Sorted by citations

Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: An Undiagnosed Condition in Older Adults. Current Consensus Definition: Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences. International Working Group on Sarcopenia
Fielding, R. A., Vellas, B., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Morley, J. E., Newman, A. B., Abellan van Kan, G., Andrieu, S., Bauer, J., Breuille, D., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003 · Cited by 3,256 · see citing works
“It was originally described by Evans and Campbell (3) and further defined (4) as age related loss of muscle mass.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia
Lauretani, F., Russo, C. R., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Cavazzini, C., Di Iorio, A., Corsi, A. M., Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003 · Cited by 1,946 · see citing works
Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) “cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases” and “nutrition in geriatrics”
Muscaritoli, M., Anker, S. D., Argilés, J., Aversa, Z., Bauer, J. M., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosaeus, I., Cederholm, T., Costelli, P., et al. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.004 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review
Mitchell, W. K., Williams, J., Atherton, P., Larvin, M., Lund, J., & Narici, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00260 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: the Health ABC Study
Goodpaster, B. H., Carlson, C. L., Visser, M., Kelley, D. E., Scherzinger, A., Harris, T. B., Stamm, E., & Newman, A. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2157 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus
Morley, J. E., Abbatecola, A. M., Argiles, J. M., Baracos, V., Bauer, J., Bhasin, S., Cederholm, T., Stewart Coats, A. J., Cummings, S. R., Evans, W. J., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2011.04.014 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Self-citation
Use of comprehensive geriatric assessment in older cancer patients:
Extermann, M., Aapro, M., Bernabei, R., Cohen, H. J., Droz, J.-P., Lichtman, S., Mor, V., Monfardini, S., Repetto, L., Sørbye, L., et al. (2005) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.06.003 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Dynapenia and aging: an update
Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr010 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Serum IL‐6 Level and the Development of Disability in Older Persons
Ferrucci, L., Harris, T. B., Guralnik, J. M., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M., Cohen, H. J., Penninx, B., Pahor, M., Wallace, R., & Havlik, R. J. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01583.x · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Accelerated Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Park, S. W., Goodpaster, B. H., Strotmeyer, E. S., Kuller, L. H., Broudeau, R., Kammerer, C., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Schwartz, A. V., Tylavsky, F. A., et al. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2537 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., Thyfault, J. P., Ruegsegger, G. N., & Toedebusch, R. G. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2016 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta‐analysis
Wang, D. X. M., Yao, J., Zirek, Y., Reijnierse, E. M., & Maier, A. B. (2020) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12502 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia
Morley, J. E., Argiles, J. M., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Cella, D., Deutz, N. E. P., Doehner, W., Fearon, K. C. H., Ferrucci, L., Hellerstein, M. K., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2010.04.014 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
“Conventionally, sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging.(1,2) Lean muscle mass is lost at the rate of approximately 1% per year after 30 years of age.”
Self-citation
Understanding sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Landi, F., Topinková, E., & Michel, J.-P. (2010) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328333c1c1 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Sarcopenia
III, L. J. M., Khosla, S., Crowson, C. S., O'Connor, M. K., O'Fallon, W. M., & Riggs, B. L. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04719.x · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Muscle tissue changes with aging
Volpi, E., Nazemi, R., & Fujita, S. (2004) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000134362.76653.b2 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Effect of age on <i>in vivo</i> rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle
Rooyackers, O. E., Adey, D. B., Ades, P. A., & Nair, K. S. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15364 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise and Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Function in Community‐Dwelling Elderly Japanese Sarcopenic Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kim, H. K., Suzuki, T., Saito, K., Yoshida, H., Kobayashi, H., Kato, H., & Katayama, M. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03776.x · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation
Phillips, S. M., & Van Loon, L. J. C. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.619204 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Effects of physical activity on strength and skeletal muscle fat infiltration in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
Goodpaster, B. H., Chomentowski, P., Ward, B. K., Rossi, A., Glynn, N. W., Delmonico, M. J., Kritchevsky, S. B., Pahor, M., & Newman, A. B. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90425.2008 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES III
Davison, K. K., Ford, E. S., Cogswell, M. E., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50508.x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty.
Desquilbet, L., Jacobson, L. P., Fried, L. P., Phair, J. P., Jamieson, B. D., Holloway, M., Margolick, J. B., & Study, F. T. M. A. C. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.11.1279 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Exogenous amino acids stimulate net muscle protein synthesis in the elderly.
Volpi, E., Ferrando, A. A., Yeckel, C. W., Tipton, K. D., & Wolfe, R. R. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci939 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia
WANAGAT, J., CAO, Z., PATHARE, P., & AIKEN, J. M. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0320com · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review
Herold, F., Törpel, A., Schega, L., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Aging is accompanied by a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion
Wall, B. T., Gorissen, S. H., Pennings, B., Koopman, R., Groen, B. B. L., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140903 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., & Stepto, N. K. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Differences in size, strength, and power of upper and lower body muscle groups in young and older men
Candow, D. G., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.2.148 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint-reaction or ground-reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women
Kohrt, W. M., Ehsani, A. A., & Birge, S. J. (1997) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1253 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in Elderly Chinese Men and Women
Lau, E. M. C., Lynn, H. S. H., Woo, J. W., Kwok, T. C. Y., & Melton, L. J. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.2.213 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Physiopathological Mechanism of Sarcopenia
Walrand, S., Guillet, C., Salles, J., Cano, N., & Boirie, Y. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.005 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Muscle Wasting in Aged, Sarcopenic Rats Is Associated with Enhanced Activity of the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway
Altun, M., Besche, H. C., Overkleeft, H. S., Piccirillo, R., Edelmann, M. J., Kessler, B. M., Goldberg, A. L., & Ulfhake, B. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.129718 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Whole-body vibration training increases muscle strength and mass in older women: a randomized-controlled trial: Whole-body vibration in older women
Machado, A., García-López, D., González-Gallego, J., & Garatachea, N. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00919.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Leucine co-ingestion improves post-prandial muscle protein accretion in elderly men
Wall, B. T., Hamer, H. M., de Lange, A., Kiskini, A., Groen, B. B. L., Senden, J. M. G., Gijsen, A. P., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2013) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.09.002 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Protein Nutrition, Exercise and Aging
Evans, W. J. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719430 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations for lean body mass, fat mass and percent fat in adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006
Lee, D. H., Keum, N., Hu, F. B., Orav, E. J., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2017) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517002665 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Functional Outcomes for Clinical Trials in Frail Older Persons: Time To Be Moving: Working Group on Functional Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials
(2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.2.160 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Effects of caloric restriction on mitochondrial function and gene transcripts in rat muscle
Sreekumar, R., Unnikrishnan, J., Fu, A., Nygren, J., Short, K. R., Schimke, J., Barazzoni, R., & Nair, K. S. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2001 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Association of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older adults: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ryu, M., Jo, J., Lee, Y., Chung, Y.-S., Kim, K.-M., & Baek, W.-C. (2013) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/aft063 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Dietary Protein Digestion and Absorption Rates and the Subsequent Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthetic Response Do Not Differ between Young and Elderly Men ,
Koopman, R., Walrand, S., Beelen, M., Gijsen, A. P., Kies, A. K., Boirie, Y., Saris, W. H. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2009) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.109173 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content
Katsanos, C. S., Chinkes, D. L., Paddon-Jones, D., Zhang, X.-J., Aarsland, A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2008) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Effects of leucine-rich protein supplements on anthropometric parameter and muscle strength in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Komar, B., Schwingshackl, L., & Hoffmann, G. (2015) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0559-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Nuclear apoptosis contributes to sarcopenia
Alway, S. E., & Siu, P. M. (2008) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e318168e9dc · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Nutrition, exercise, and healthy aging
EVANS, W. J., & CYR-CAMPBELL, D. (1997) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00160-0 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities
Wadden, T. A., Chao, A. M., Moore, M., Tronieri, J. S., Gilden, A., Amaro, A., Leonard, S., & Jakicic, J. M. (2023) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-023-00534-z · Cited by 129 · see citing works
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate reduces myonuclear apoptosis during recovery from hind limb suspension-induced muscle fiber atrophy in aged rats
Hao, Y., Jackson, J. R., Wang, Y., Edens, N., Pereira, S. L., & Alway, S. E. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00840.2010 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
New Prediction Equations to Estimate Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Using Calf Circumference: Results From NHANES 1999–2006
Santos, L. P., Gonzalez, M. C., Orlandi, S. P., Bielemann, R. M., Barbosa‐Silva, T. G., Heymsfield, S. B., & COCONUT Study Group (2019) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1605 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Intragastric protein administration stimulates overnight muscle protein synthesis in elderly men
Groen, B. B. L., Res, P. T., Pennings, B., Hertle, E., Senden, J. M. G., Saris, W. H. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00321.2011 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Detraining and retraining in older adults following long-term muscle power or muscle strength specific training
Henwood, T. R., & Taaffe, D. R. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.7.751 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Co-ingestion of leucine with protein does not further augment post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates in elderly men
Koopman, R., Verdijk, L. B., Beelen, M., Gorselink, M., Kruseman, A. N., Wagenmakers, A. J. M., Kuipers, H., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507812013 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Muscle power failure in mobility-limited older adults: preserved single fiber function despite lower whole muscle size, quality and rate of neuromuscular activation
Reid, K. F., Doros, G., Clark, D. J., Patten, C., Carabello, R. J., Cloutier, G. J., Phillips, E. M., Krivickas, L. S., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2200-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Progressive disorganization of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus in aging human skeletal muscle as revealed by electron microscopy: a possible role in the decline of muscle performance
Boncompagni, S., d'Amelio, L., Fulle, S., Fano, G., & Protasi, F. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.995 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Denervation stimulates apoptosis but not Id2 expression in hindlimb muscles of aged rats
Alway, S. E., Degens, H., Krishnamurthy, G., & Chaudhrai, A. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.b687 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions to improve body composition and muscle strength or function in sarcopenic obese older adults: a systematic review
Theodorakopoulos, C., Jones, J., Bannerman, E., & Greig, C. A. (2017) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.05.002 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The influence of age and aerobic fitness: effects on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle
Larsen, S., Hey‐Mogensen, M., Rabøl, R., Stride, N., Helge, J. W., & Dela, F. (2012) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02408.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dietary protein considerations to support active aging
Wall, B. T., Cermak, N. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0258-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly
Dirks, M. L., Tieland, M., Verdijk, L. B., Losen, M., Nilwik, R., Mensink, M., de Groot, L. C. P. G. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: current theories and the potential beneficial effect of creatine application strategies
Candow, D. G. (2011) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-011-9327-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Short-term muscle disuse atrophy is not associated with increased intramuscular lipid deposition or a decline in the maximal activity of key mitochondrial enzymes in young and older males
Wall, B. T., Dirks, M. L., Snijders, T., Stephens, F. B., Senden, J. M. G., Verscheijden, M.-L., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.019 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Carbohydrate co-ingestion with protein does not further augment post-prandial muscle protein accretion in older men
Hamer, H. M., Wall, B. T., Kiskini, A., de Lange, A., Groen, B. B. L., Bakker, J. A., Gijsen, A. P., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2013) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-10-15 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Relative contribution of muscle strength, lean mass, and lower extremity motor function in explaining between-person variance in mobility in older adults
Wages, N. P., Simon, J. E., Clark, L. A., Amano, S., Russ, D. W., Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01656-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prior to presleep protein feeding stimulates the use of protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis
Dirks, M. L., Groen, B. B. L., Franssen, R., van Kranenburg, J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00331.2016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Targeting Intramyocellular Lipids to Improve Aging Muscle Function
Russ, D. W., Manickam, R., & Tipparaju, S. M. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02622-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Simplified Analysis of Real-time Monitoring of Muscle Contraction during Dynamic Exercise Using an MMG/EMG Hybrid Transducer System
Fukuhara, S., & Oka, H. (2019) · Advanced Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.14326/abe.8.185 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Is the Rate of Metabolic Ageing and Survival Determined by Basal Metabolic Rate in the Zebra Finch?
Rønning, B., Moe, B., Berntsen, H. H., Noreen, E., & Bech, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108675 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Impact of Low Muscle Mass Definition on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Australians
Yu, S., Appleton, S., Adams, R., Chapman, I., Wittert, G., Visvanathan, T., & Visvanathan, R. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/361790 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prevalence of sarcopenia among community- dwelling, young elderly people living in Manizales, Colombia
GONZÁLEZ-GONZÁLEZ, D., Lopez-Salazar, A. M., González-Correa, C. H., & Curcio, C. (2019) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1272/1/012005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The definition of sarcopenia
Bijlsma, A. Y. (2013) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University)
Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing
Henry, C. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601029 · Cited by 125 · see citing works

Authors: Evans, W. J.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Evans, W. J.
ORCID: Evans, W. J.
Venue: The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1995-11-01
Volume: 50A
Issue: Special
Pages: 5-8
ISSN: 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
1758-535X
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.5
OpenAlex: W2080921526
Cited by: 606
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 4.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
Keywords: sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, body composition, frailty, falls in older adults, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, bone mineral density, insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, sedentary aging
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Muscular Diseases, Oxygen Consumption, Bone Density, Walking, Muscle, Skeletal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

What Is Sarcopenia?

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks