Adolescent binge ethanol treatment alters adult brain regional volumes, cortical extracellular matrix protein and behavioral flexibility
Open accessAbstract
Adolescents binge drink more than any other age group, increasing risk of disrupting the development of the frontal cortex. We hypothesized that adolescent binge drinking would lead to persistent alterations in adulthood. In this study, we modeled adolescent weekend underage binge-drinking, using adolescent mice (post-natal days [P] 28-37). The adolescent intermittent binge ethanol (AIE) treatment includes 6 binge intragastric doses of ethanol in an intermittent pattern across adolescence. Assessments were conducted in adulthood following extended abstinence to determine if there were persistent changes in adults. Reversal learning, open field and other behavioral assessments as well as brain structure using magnetic imaging and immunohistochemistry were determined. We found that AIE did not impact adult Barnes Maze learning. However, AIE did cause reversal learning deficits in adults. AIE also caused structural changes in the adult brain. AIE was associated with adulthood volume enlargements in specific brain regions without changes in total brain volume. Enlarged regions included the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC, 4%), cerebellum (4.5%), thalamus (2%), internal capsule (10%) and genu of the corpus callosum (7%). The enlarged OFC volume in adults after AIE is consistent with previous imaging studies in human adolescents. AIE treatment was associated with significant increases in the expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the adult OFC including WFA (55%), Brevican (32%), Neurocan (105%), Tenacin-C (25%), and HABP (5%). These findings are consistent with AIE causing persistent changes in brain structure that could contribute to a lack of behavioral flexibility.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Increased thickness in the anterior cingulate and increased volume of the orbital FC have been observed in adult rodents exposed to alcohol during adolescence.
“Conversely, increased thickness in the anterior cingulate and increased volume of the orbital FC has also been observed in adult rodents exposed to alcohol during adolescence (Coleman et al. 2014; Vetreno et al. 2017).”
From The long-term cognitive consequences of adolescent exposure to recreational drugs of abuse (2018) · cites this paper as Coleman et al. 2014
The Discussion (§4.1; page unavailable) reports a larger orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volume in adult mice given ethanol during adolescence. The cited paper does not report increased anterior cingulate thickness, so it supports only the OFC-volume part of the sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G. (2001) · Cited by 12,859 · see citing works
Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2003) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1037/e560352009-001 · Cited by 6,930 · see citing works
Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood
Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402680101 · Cited by 5,604 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Although brain volume changes during adolescence, it is not known how rodent brain volume changes during adolescence though adulthood human studies find that the frontal regions of the adolescent cortex undergo a developmental change in volume, resulting inverted U shaped pattern of across adolescence (Giedd, 2004; Gi…”
BackgroundBrain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13158 · Cited by 5,552 · see citing works
The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations
Spear, L. P. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00014-2 · Cited by 5,433 · see citing works
Regeneration beyond the glial scar
Silver, J., & Miller, J. H. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1326 · Cited by 3,090 · see citing works
Brain development in children and adolescents: Insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging
Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.001 · Cited by 1,863 · see citing works
Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based drug delivery systems
Torchilin, V. P. (2001) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00299-1 · Cited by 1,824 · see citing works
Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain
GIEDD, J. N. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.009 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents
Shaw, P., Greenstein, D., Lerch, J., Clasen, L., Lenroot, R., Gogtay, N., Evans, A., Rapoport, J., & Giedd, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04513 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Structural maturation of neural pathways in children and adolescents: in vivo study
Paus, T., Zijdenbos, A., Worsley, K., Collins, D. L., Blumenthal, J., Giedd, J. N., Rapoport, J. L., & Evans, A. C. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1908 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Adolescent cortical development: A critical period of vulnerability for addiction
Crews, F., He, J., & Hodge, C. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.001 · Cited by 1,091 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of college student binge drinking.
Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G. W., Davenport, A. E., & Castillo, S. (1995) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.85.7.921 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Perineuronal Nets Protect Fear Memories from Erasure
Gogolla, N., Caroni, P., Lüthi, A., & Herry, C. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1174146 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Proteoglycans in the Developing Brain: New Conceptual Insights for Old Proteins
Bandtlow, C. E., & Zimmermann, D. R. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1267 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
A new perspective on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behaviour
Schoenbaum, G., Roesch, M. R., Stalnaker, T. A., & Takahashi, Y. K. (2009) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2753 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Functioning of Adolescents: Effects of Protracted Alcohol Use
Brown, S. A., Tapert, S. F., Granholm, E. L., & Delis, D. C. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04586.x · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Brain extracellular matrix affects AMPA receptor lateral mobility and short-term synaptic plasticity
Frischknecht, R., Heine, M., Perrais, D., Seidenbecher, C. I., Choquet, D., & Gundelfinger, E. D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2338 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Qin, L., He, J., Hanes, R. N., Pluzarev, O., Hong, J.-S., & Crews, F. T. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-10 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationCrews, F. T., Braun, C. J., Hoplight, B., Switzer, R. C., & Knapp, D. J. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01973.x · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationPerineuronal nets: past and present
Celio, M. R., Spreafico, R., De Biasi, S., & Vitellaro-Zuccarello, L. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01298-3 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Østby, Y., Tamnes, C. K., Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Due-Tønnessen, P., & Walhovd, K. B. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1242-09.2009 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Extracellular matrix of the central nervous system: from neglect to challenge
Zimmermann, D. R., & Dours-Zimmermann, M. T. (2008) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0485-9 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Applications of thermo-reversible pluronic F-127 gels in pharmaceutical formulations.
Escobar‐Chávez, J. J., López-Cervantes, M., Naik, A., Kalia, Y. N., Quintanar‐Guerrero, D., & Ganem-Quintanar, A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Perineuronal nets — a specialized form of extracellular matrix in the adult nervous system
Celio, M. R., & Blümcke, I. (1994) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(94)90006-x · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Pascual, M., Blanco, A. M., Cauli, O., Miñarro, J., & Guerri, C. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05298.x · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Prefrontal Cortex Volumes in Adolescents With Alcohol Use Disorders: Unique Gender Effects
Lisdahl, K. M., McQueeny, T. M., Nagel, B. J., Hanson, K. L., Schweinsburg, A. D., & Tapert, S. F. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00602.x · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Early drinking onset and its association with alcohol use and problem behavior in late adolescence
Gruber, E., DiClemente, R. J., Anderson, M. M., & Lodico, M. (1996) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0059 · Cited by 324 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Early onset of alcohol use (<13 years of age) is associated with increased drinking frequency and physical violence (Gruber et al., 1996).”
BackgroundBasak, R., & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2013) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la304836e · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Qin, L., Liu, Y., Hong, J., & Crews, F. T. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22479 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive deficits and CNS damage after a 4-day binge ethanol exposure in rats
Obernier, J., White, A. M., Swartzwelder, H. S., & Crews, F. T. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00715-3 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationWernicke-Korsakoff-syndrome: Under-recognized and under-treated
Isenberg-Grzeda, E., Kutner, H. E., & Nicolson, S. E. (2012) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2012.04.008 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving.
Hingson, R., & Winter, M. R. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Contributes to Successful Relational Memory Encoding
Murray, L. J., & Charan Ranganath, A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0406-07.2007 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Hanson, K. L., Medina, K. L., Padula, C. B., Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2011.555272 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Dityatev, A. E., Seidenbecher, C. I., & Schachner, M. (2010) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.08.003 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Pfefferbaum, A., Adalsteinsson, E., & Sullivan, E. V. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.007 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The impact of orbitofrontal dysfunction on cocaine addiction
Lucantonio, F., Stalnaker, T. A., Shaham, Y., Niv, Y., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3014 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Thinning of the Corpus Callosum in Older Alcoholic Men: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Pfefferbaum, A., Lim, K. O., Desmond, J. E., & Sullivan, E. V. (1996) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01682.x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Extracellular matrix components associated with remodeling processes in brain
Rauch, U. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4043-x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., & Bachman, J. G. (2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-3066 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Coleman Jr, L. G., He, J., Lee, J., Styner, M., & Crews, F. T. (2011) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01385.x · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of anti-inflammatories on Pluronic® F127: micellar assembly, gelation and partitioning
Sharma, P. K., & Bhatia, S. R. (2004) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.03.029 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Windle, M. T. (1999) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452233734 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Conceptual framework for the etiology of alcoholism: a “kindling”/stress hypothesis
Breese, G. R., Overstreet, D. H., & Knapp, D. J. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2016-2 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Collins, M. A., Corso, T. D., & Neafsey, E. J. (1996) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01641.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Exercise reverses ethanol inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation
Crews, F. T., Nixon, K., & Wilkie, M. E. (2004) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.04.005 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationCEREBRAL BERIBERI (WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY)
de Wardener, H. E., & Lennox, B. (1947) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(47)91272-5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Zou, J., & Crews, F. T. (2010) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01150.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationConverting juvenile into adult plasticity: a role for the brain's extracellular matrix
Gundelfinger, E. D., Frischknecht, R., Choquet, D., & Heine, M. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07253.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95710436.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
White, A. M., Hingson, R., Pan, I., & Yi, H. (2011) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.774 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Inflammasome-IL-1β Signaling Mediates Ethanol Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Zou, J., & Crews, F. T. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00077 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationGong, G., Yuan, L., Hu, L., Wu, W. H., Yin, L., Hou, J., Liu, Y., & Zhou, L.-S. (2011) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2011.151 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
White, H. R., Marmorstein, N. R., Crews, F. T., Bates, M. E., Mun, E.-Y., & Loeber, R. (2011) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01345.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationBadanich, K. A., Becker, H. C., & Woodward, J. J. (2011) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0025922 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Ethanol-induced impairment of spatial memory and brain matrix metalloproteinases
Wright, J. W., Masino, A. J., Reichert, J. R., Turner, G. D., Meighan, S. E., Meighan, P. C., & Harding, J. W. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)04036-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
5HTTLPR Polymorphism and Enlargement of the Pulvinar: Unlocking the Backdoor to the Limbic System
Young, K. A., Holcomb, L. A., Bonkale, W. L., Hicks, P. B., Yazdani, U., & German, D. C. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.047 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Costa, C., Tortosa, R., Domènech, A., Vidal, E., Pumarola, M. B., & Bassols, A. (2007) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2007.01.006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ehlers, C. L., Criado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Liu, W., & Crews, F. T. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.011 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute Wernickes Encephalopathy precipitated by glucose loading
Watson, A. J. S., Walker, J., TOMKIN, G. H., Finn, M. M. R., & Keogh, J. A. B. (1981) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/bf02938260 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Major depression, 5HTTLPR genotype, suicide and antidepressant influences on thalamic volume
Young, K. A., Bonkale, W. L., Holcomb, L. A., Hicks, P. B., & German, D. C. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039180 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Cellular Basis for Volume Changes in the Rat Cortex during Puberty: White and Gray Matter
Juraska, J. M., & Markham, J. A. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.058 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Reward Stability Determines the Contribution of Orbitofrontal Cortex to Adaptive Behavior
Riceberg, J. S., & Shapiro, M. L. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0776-12.2012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Zhu, S., Li, W., Ward, M. F., Sama, A. E., & Wang, H. (2010) · Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152810791292872 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Predictably irrational: assaying cognitive inflexibility in mouse models of schizophrenia
Brigman, J. L. (2010) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.01.013.2010 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Genetic dissection of the mouse brain using high-field magnetic resonance microscopy
Badea, A., Johnson, G. A., & Williams, R. W. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.021 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Delay discrimination and reversal eyeblink classical conditioning in abstinent chronic alcoholics.
Fortier, C. B., Steffen, E. M., Lafleche, G., Venne, J. R., Disterhoft, J. F., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.196 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Coleman, L. G., Jarskog, L. F., Moy, S. S., & Crews, F. T. (2009) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationWood, B., Currie, J., & Breen, K. J. (1986) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113623.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Binge ethanol intoxication heightens subsequent ethanol intake in adolescent, but not adult, rats
Fabio, M. C., Nizhnikov, M. E., Spear, N. E., & Pautassi, R. M. (2013) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21101 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Alsaffar, H., Lewis, K. L., Liu, E., Schober, A. L., Corrigan, J. J., Shibata, K., & Steiner, A. A. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.015 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Versican and brevican are expressed with distinct pathology in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic injury
Leonardo, C. C., Eakin, A. K., Ajmo, J. M., & Gottschall, P. E. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21553 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 74 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Johnston L O'Malley P Bachman J Schulenberg JE Monitoring the future: National survey results on drug use, 1975–2008 Seconday school students, 2008 2009 Vol.1 Bethesda, MD National Institute on Drug Abuse xxxiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour
Spear, L. P. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.10 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior
Lees, B., Meredith, L. R., Kirkland, A. E., Bryant, B. E., & Squeglia, L. M. (2020) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172906 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Persistently Impacts Adult Neurobiology and Behavior
Crews, F. T., Vetreno, R. P., Broadwater, M., & Robinson, D. L. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.012138 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Self-citationCharlton, A. J., May, C., Luikinga, S. J., Burrows, E. L., Kim, J. H., Lawrence, A. J., & Perry, C. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55095-w · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Gaweł, K., Gibuła‐Tarłowska, E., Marszałek‐Grabska, M., Filarowska, J., & Kotlinska, J. H. (2018) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-018-1589-y · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Alcohol's Effects on the Brain: Neuroimaging Results in Humans and Animal Models
Zahr, N. M. (2017) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v38.2.04 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
The brain interstitial system: Anatomy, modeling, in vivo measurement, and applications
Lei, Y., Han, H., Yuan, F., Javeed, A., & Zhao, Y. L. (2016) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.007 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Neuroimmune Function and the Consequences of Alcohol Exposure
Crews, F. T. (2015) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v37.2.15 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationCrews, F. T., Robinson, D. L., Chandler, L. J., Ehlers, C. L., Mulholland, P. J., Pandey, S. C., Rodd, Z. A., SPEAR, L. P., Swartzwelder, H. S., & Vetreno, R. P. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14154 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimmune Basis of Alcoholic Brain Damage
Crews, F. T., & Vetreno, R. P. (2014) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801284-0.00010-5 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationToll-like receptor signaling and stages of addiction
Crews, F. T., Walter, T. J., Coleman, L. G., & Vetreno, R. P. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4560-6 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory systems and the addicted brain
Goodman, J., & Packard, M. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00024 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The long-term cognitive consequences of adolescent exposure to recreational drugs of abuse
Mooney-Leber, S. M., & Gould, T. J. (2018) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.046672.117 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol use, abuse, and dependence
Moorman, D. E. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.010 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Simon, L., Souza‐Smith, F. M., & Molina, P. E. (2022) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Neural ECM molecules in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory
Senkov, O., Anđjus, P. R., Radenović, L., Soriano, E., & Dityatev, A. E. (2014) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00003-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Neuroimaging in alcohol use disorder: From mouse to man
Fritz, M., Klawonn, A. M., & Zahr, N. M. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24423 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Coleman, L. G., Zou, J., & Crews, F. T. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1678-y · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationVarlinskaya, E. I., Hosová, D., Towner, T. T., Werner, D. F., & SPEAR, L. P. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112292 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Fernandez, G. M., Lew, B. J., Vedder, L. C., & Savage, L. M. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.045 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Repeated Binge Drinking Increases Perineuronal Nets in the Insular Cortex
Chen, H., He, D., & Lasek, A. W. (2015) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12847 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Molecular Neuropathology of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes in Alcohol Use Disorders
Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00078 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Releasing Addiction Memories Trapped in Perineuronal Nets
Lasek, A. W., Chen, H., & Chen, W.-Y. (2018) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2017.12.004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Vetreno, R. P., Yaxley, R. H., Paniagua, B., & Crews, F. T. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12232 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationSchindler, A. G., Tsutsui, K. T., & Clark, J. J. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12404 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Broadwater, M., Lee, S., Yu, Y., Hongtu Zhu, B., Crews, F. T., Robinson, D. L., & Shih, Y. I. (2017) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12530 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationSignals from the Fourth Dimension Regulate Drug Relapse
Mulholland, P. J., Chandler, L. J., & Kalivas, P. W. (2016) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.007 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Fernandez, G. M., & Savage, L. M. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Drzewiecki, C. M., Willing, J., & Juraska, J. M. (2020) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-020-02137-z · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Learning to synthesise the ageing brain without longitudinal data
Xia, T., Chartsias, A., Wang, C., & Tsaftaris, S. A. (2021) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2021.102169 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Oliveira, A. C., Pereira, M. C., Santana, L. N. D. S., Fernandes, R. M., Teixeira, F. B., de Oliveira, G. B., Fernandes, L. M. P., Fontes-Júnior, E. A., Prediger, R. D., Lopez, M. E. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115581960 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Varodayan, F. P., Sidhu, H., Kreifeldt, M., Roberto, M., & Contet, C. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.014 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Slaker, M. L., Jorgensen, E. T., Hegarty, D. M., Liu, X., Kong, Y., Zhang, F., Linhardt, R. J., Brown, T. E., Aicher, S. A., & Sorg, B. A. (2018) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0221-18.2018 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Drzewiecki, C. M., & Juraska, J. M. (2020) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173044 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Barnett, A., David, E., Rohlman, A., Nikolova, V. D., Moy, S. S., Vetreno, R. P., & Coleman, L. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.884170 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationWolstenholme, J. T., Mahmood, T., Harris, G. M., Abbas, S., & Miles, M. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00307 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neural ECM in addiction, schizophrenia, and mood disorder
Lubbers, B. R., Smit, A. B., Spijker, S., & van den Oever, M. C. (2014) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00012-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of Ethanol on Brain Extracellular Matrix: Implications for Alcohol Use Disorder
Lasek, A. W. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13200 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ma, T., Huang, Z., Xie, X., Cheng, Y., Zhuang, X., Childs, M. J., Gangal, H., Wang, X., Smith, L. N., Smith, R. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci154969 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Khan, K. M., Rosa, G. B.-D. L., Biggerstaff, N., Selvakumar, G. P., Wang, R., Mason, S., Dailey, M. E., & Marcinkiewcz, C. A. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.160 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Long-Term Effects of Intermittent Adolescent Alcohol Exposure in Male and Female Rats
Marco, E. M., Peñasco, S., Hernández, M.-D., Gil, A., Borcel, É., Moya, M., Giné, E., López‐Moreno, J. A., Guerri, C., López‐Gallardo, M., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00233 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sex and Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Influence Pavlovian Conditioned Approach
Madayag, A. C., Stringfield, S. J., Reissner, K. J., Boettiger, C. A., & Robinson, D. L. (2017) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13354 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Caught in the Net: Perineuronal Nets and Addiction
Slaker, M. L., Blacktop, J. M., & Sorg, B. A. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/7538208 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
HMGB1/IL-1β complexes in plasma microvesicles modulate immune responses to burn injury
Coleman, L. G., Maile, R., Jones, S., Cairns, B. A., & Crews, F. T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195335 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationFernandez, G. M., Stewart, W. N., & Savage, L. M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149987 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Macht, V. A., Elchert, N., & Crews, F. T. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10110785 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationFernandes, L. M. P., Cartágenes, S. C., Barros, M. A., Carvalheiro, T. C. V. S., Castro, N. C. F., Schamne, M. G., Lima, R. R., Prediger, R. D., Monteiro, M. C., Fontes-Júnior, E. A., et al. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Uys, J. D. K., McGuier, N. S., Gass, J. T., Griffin, W. C., Ball, L. E., & Mulholland, P. J. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12238 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rice, J., Coutellier, L. D., Weiner, J. L., & Gu, C. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0829-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
TRAIL Mediates Neuronal Death in AUD: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Qin, L., Zou, J., Barnett, A., Vetreno, R. P., Crews, F. T., & Coleman, L. G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052547 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Consumption in Adolescence: a Translational Perspective
SPEAR, L. P. (2016) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-016-0088-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bitanihirwe, B. K. Y., Mauney, S. A., & Woo, T.-U. W. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.1047 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Younis, R. M., Wolstenholme, J. T., Bağdaş, D., Bettinger, J. C., Miles, M. F., & Damaj, M. I. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172740 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Galaj, E., Kipp, B. T., Floresco, S., & Savage, L. M. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.062 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reversal learning and experimenter-administered chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in male rats
Badanich, K. A., Fakih, M. E., Gurina, T. S., Roy, E. K., Hoffman, J. L., Uruena-Agnes, A. R., & Kirstein, C. L. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4395-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
McMurray, M. S., Amodeo, L. R., & Roitman, J. D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100697 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Adolescent Ethanol Exposure: Anxiety-Like Behavioral Alterations, Ethanol Intake, and Sensitivity
Towner, T. T., & Varlinskaya, E. I. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00045 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dannenhoffer, C. A., Gómez‐A, A., Macht, V. A., Jawad, R., Sutherland, E. B., Vetreno, R. P., Crews, F. T., Boettiger, C. A., & Robinson, D. L. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14810 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationCannady, R., Nimitvilai, S., Jennings, S. D., Woodward, J. J., & Mulholland, P. J. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0077-20.2020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Robinson, D. L., Amodeo, L. R., Chandler, L. J., Crews, F. T., Ehlers, C. L., Gómez‐A, A., Healey, K. L., Kuhn, C. M., Macht, V. A., Marshall, S. A., et al. (2021) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationVan Hees, L., Didone, V., Charlet‐Briart, M., Van Ingelgom, T., Alexandre, A., Quertemont, E., Nguyen, L., & Laguesse, S. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13102 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Silveri, M. M. (2014) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Crews, F. T., Coleman, L. G., Macht, V. A., & Vetreno, R. P. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.122.000710 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationReview of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Alcohol Dependence: A Disrupted Cognitive Map?
Shields, C. N., & Gremel, C. M. (2020) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14441 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Net gain and loss: influence of natural rewards and drugs of abuse on perineuronal nets
Brown, T. E., & Sorg, B. A. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01337-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Nelson, N. G., Law, W. X., Weingarten, M. J., Carnevale, L. N., Das, A., & Liang, N. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5093-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Macht, V. A., Vetreno, R. P., Elchert, N., & Crews, F. T. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02243-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationChandler, L. J., Vaughan, D. T., & Gass, J. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.837657 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Seemiller, L. R., & Gould, T. J. (2020) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107234 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Roura-Martínez, D., Díaz-Bejarano, P., Ucha, M., Paiva, R. R., Ambrosio, E., & Higuera-Matas, A. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108290 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dannenhoffer, C. A., Robertson, M. M., Macht, V. A., Mooney, S. M., Boettiger, C. A., & Robinson, D. L. (2021) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sullivan, E. V., Zhao, Q., Pohl, K. M., Zahr, N. M., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.053 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fisher, H., Bright, N., Gallo, M., Pajser, A., & Pickens, C. L. (2017) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000331 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Aguirre, C. G., Stolyarova, A., Das, K., Kolli, S., Marty, V. N., Ray, L. A., Spigelman, I., & Izquierdo, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234729 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Coleman, L. G., Crews, F. T., & Vetreno, R. P. (2021) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationEthanol induces maladaptive impulse control and decreased seeking behaviors in mice
Starski, P. A., Hong, S., Peyton, L., Oliveros, A., Wininger, K. M., Hutchison, C., Kang, S., Karpyak, V. M., & Choi, D. (2019) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12754 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Williams, S. K., Lauder, J. M., & Johns, J. M. (2011) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015911796557957 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Thijssen, S., Rashid, B., Gopal, S., Nyalakanti, P. K., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.045 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Iancu, O. D., Colville, A. M., Wilmot, B., Searles, R. P., Darakjian, P., ZHENG, C. L., McWeeney, S. K., Kawane, S., Crabbe, J. C., Metten, P., et al. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13777 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
HITZEMANN, R. J., Phillips, T. J., Lockwood, D. R., Darakjian, P., & Searles, R. P. (2020) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.004 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gioia, D. A., & Woodward, J. J. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0503-20.2021 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kipp, B. T., Nunes, P. T., Galaj, E., Hitchcock, B., Nasra, T., Poynor, K. R., Heide, S., Reitz, N. L., & Savage, L. M. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gómez‐A, A., Dannenhoffer, C. A., Elton, A., Lee, S., Ban, W., Shih, Y. I., Boettiger, C. A., & Robinson, D. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.778884 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ho, A. M., Peyton, M. P., Scaletty, S. J., Trapp, S., Schreiber, A. C., Madden, B. J., Choi, D., & Matthews, D. B. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c04528 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Crews, F. T., Macht, V. A., & Vetreno, R. P. (2024) · Advances in Drug and Alcohol Research · doi:10.3389/adar.2024.12094 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Consumption Among Adolescents — Implications for Public Health
Carvajal, F., & Lerma-Cabrera, J. M. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/58930 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alcohol's effects on the mouse brain are modulated by age and sex
Piekarski, D. J., Zahr, N. M., Zhao, Q., Sullivan, E. V., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13209 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Macht, V. A., Vetreno, R. P., Elchert, N., Fisher, R., & Crews, F. T. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15019 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationTowner, T. T., & SPEAR, L. P. (2020) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.09.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Towner, T. T., Papastrat, K. M., SPEAR, L. P., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Werner, D. F. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14847 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Guarque‐Chabrera, J., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Ibáñez-Marín, P., Eixea, I. M., & Miquel, M. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109210 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix in reward memory processes: a question of time
Valeri, J., Gisabella, B., & Pantazopoulos, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1208974 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Arinze, I., & Moorman, D. E. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Walker, C. D., Sexton, H. G., Hyde, J., Greene, B., & Risher, M.-L. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11193111 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Matthews, D. B., Scaletty, S. J., Trapp, S., Schreiber, A. C., Rossmann, G. L., Imhoff, B., Petersilka, Q., Kastner, A., Pauly, J., & Nixon, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1223883 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fisher, R., Matheny, L., Ankeny, S. E., Qin, L., Coleman, L. G., & Vetreno, R. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1531628 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationAnton, P. E., Maphis, N. M., Linsenbardt, D. N., & Coleman, L. G. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_10 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing behavior following binge ethanol in adolescent and adult DBA/2 J mice
Bent, M. A. M., Pais, A. C., & Wolstenholme, J. T. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113703 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Towner, T. T., Applegate, D. T., Varlinskaya, E. I., & Werner, D. F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.841657 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Baranger, D. A. A., Paul, S. E., Hatoum, A. S., & Bogdan, R. (2023) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13327 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coleman, L. G., Liu, W., Oguz, I., Styner, M., & Crews, F. T.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crews, Fulton T.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 116
- Pages
- 142-151
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3913047
- OpenAlex
- W1992749931
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50AA011605, U24AA020022, U01AA020023, AA011605, AA20022, AA018051, F30AA018051, AA06069, AA20023, R37AA006069, R01AA006069, P60AA011605)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P01DA022446)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R42NS059095, R41NS059095)
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- adolescent binge drinking, adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, extracellular matrix proteins, behavioral flexibility, cerebellum, thalamus, corpus callosum, internal capsule
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
