A new perspective on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behaviour

Schoenbaum, Geoffrey; Roesch, Matthew R.; Stalnaker, Thomas A.; Takahashi, Yuji K.

doi:10.1038/nrn2753

Cited by 585Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorMemory and Neural Mechanisms

A new perspective on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behaviour

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Schoenbaum, Geoffrey, Roesch, Matthew R., Stalnaker, Thomas A., Takahashi, Yuji K.·2009·Nature reviews. Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn2753PMC PMC2835299

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Abstract

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial for changing established behaviour in the face of unexpected outcomes. This function has been attributed to the role of the OFC in response inhibition or to the idea that the OFC is a rapidly flexible associative-learning area. However, recent data contradict these accounts, and instead suggest that the OFC is crucial for signalling outcome expectancies. We suggest that this function--signalling of expected outcomes--can also explain the crucial role of the OFC in changing behaviour in the face of unexpected outcomes.

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Recent models of OFC function emphasize involvement in constructing expected values based on multimodal inputs that drive behavior.
“Recent models of a general OFC function emphasize involvement in constructing expected values based on multimodal inputs (including current internal states) that drive behavior (Schoenbaum and Roesch, 2005; Murray et al., 2007; Schoenbaum et al., 2009; Rudebeck and Murray, 2014).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Schoenbaum et al., 2009
In “The OFC signals outcome expectancies” (page unavailable), the paper proposes that the OFC predicts outcomes’ sensory characteristics and unique values from cues and circumstances; its behavioural-studies discussion says these expectancies drive behaviour. The cited paper does not clearly identify current internal states as inputs to that OFC construction. In “Conclusions and future directions” (page unavailable), it instead links changes in internal motivational state to general affective-value signalling by other regions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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In the rodent (agranular) OFC, both reward value and behavioural responses are represented, making the rodent OFC very different from the primate OFC.
“Fourth, although reward value is represented in the rodent (agranular) OFC, so also apparently are behavioural responses (Schoenbaum et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2014; Sharpe et al., 2015, 2019; Izquierdo, 2017), which makes the rodent OFC very different to the primate OFC.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Schoenbaum et al., 2009

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Authors: Schoenbaum, G., Roesch, M. R., Stalnaker, T. A., & Takahashi, Y. K.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author: Schoenbaum, Geoffrey
ORCID: Schoenbaum, Geoffrey
Roesch, Matthew R.
Stalnaker, Thomas A.
Takahashi, Yuji K.
Venue: Nature reviews. Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-11-11
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
Pages: 885-892
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn2753
PMC: PMC2835299
OpenAlex: W2170476476
Cited by: 585
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 3.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (R01AG027097)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH080865)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA015718)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: orbitofrontal cortex, outcome expectations, behavioral flexibility, adaptive behavior, response inhibition, associative learning, unexpected outcomes
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Prefrontal Cortex

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A new perspective on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behaviour

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