Circadian misalignment in major depressive disorder
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the circadian pacemaker plays a role in major depressive disorder (MDD). We sought to determine if misalignment between the timing of sleep and the pacemaker correlated with symptom severity in MDD. Depression severity correlated with circadian misalignment: the more delayed, the more severe the symptoms.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Clinical studies demonstrate that the severity of major depressive disorder is correlated with the degree of misalignment of circadian rhythms.
“Clinical studies demonstrate that the severity of MDD is correlated with the degree of misalignment of circadian rhythms82.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [82]
Cites
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry
Freedman, A. M., & Kaplan, H. I. (1967) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-196712000-00052 · Cited by 3,825 · see citing works
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry
Stein, E. J., & Swiller, H. I. (1994) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.1994.11491261 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Golden, R. N., Gaynes, B. N., Ekstrom, R. D., Hamer, R. M., Jacobsen, F. M., Suppes, T., Wisner, K. L., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.656 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Part I, Basic Principles, Shift Work and Jet Lag Disorders
Sack, R. L., Auckley, D., Auger, R. R., Carskadon, M. A., Wright, K. P., Vitiello, M. V., & Zhdanova, I. V. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.11.1460 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Phase Advance of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle as an Antidepressant
Wehr, T. A., Wirz-Justice, A., Goodwin, F. K., Duncan, W., & Gillin, J. C. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.227056 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
The circadian basis of winter depression
Lewy, A. J., Lefler, B. J., Emens, J. S., & Bauer, V. K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602425103 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Endogenous Melatonin Profile as a Marker for Circadian Phase Position
Lewy, A. J., Cutler, N. L., & Sack, R. L. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000641 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citation(1978) · PubMed · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Sleep and circadian rhythms in mood disorders
Armitage, R. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00968.x · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Morning vs Evening Light Treatment of Patients With Winter Depression
Lewy, A. J., Bauer, V. K., Cutler, N. L., Sack, R. L., Ahmed, S., Thomas, K. H., Blood, M. L., & Jackson, J. M. L. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.10.890 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian rhythms in psychiatry
Halaris, A. E. (1984) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90085-4 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythmicity
Morin, L. P. (1999) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899909019259 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Influence of sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances in psychiatric disorders.
Boivin, D. B. (2000) · PubMed Central · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Peterson, M. J., & Benca, R. M. (2006) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.003 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Aj, L., Rl, S., & Singer, C. M. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chronobiological Theories of Nonseasonal Affective Disorders and Their Implications for Treatment
van den Hoofdakker, R. H. (1994) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049400900206 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Major depression in males: Effects of age, severity and adaptation on sleep variables
Hubain, P., Bon, O. L., Vandenhende, F., Wijnendaele, R. V., & Linkowski, P. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.027 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Circadian misalignment and health
Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911149 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Circadian Entrainment to the Natural Light-Dark Cycle across Seasons and the Weekend
Stothard, E. R., McHill, A. W., Depner, C. M., Birks, B. R., Moehlman, T. M., Ritchie, H. K., Guzzetti, J. R., Chinoy, E. D., LeBourgeois, M. K., Axelsson, J., et al. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.041 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Health Consequences of Circadian Disruption in Humans and Animal Models
Evans, J. A., & Davidson, A. J. (2013) · Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00010-5 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Landgraf, D., Long, J. E., Proulx, C. D., Barandas, R., Malinow, R., & Welsh, D. K. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.1050 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Cellular Circadian Clocks in Mood Disorders
McCarthy, M. J., & Welsh, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730412456367 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Hasler, B. P., Buysse, D. J., Kupfer, D. J., & Germain, A. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.027 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
A <i>PERIOD3</i> variant causes a circadian phenotype and is associated with a seasonal mood trait
Zhang, L., Hirano, A., Hsu, P.-K., Jones, C. R., Sakai, N., Okuro, M., McMahon, T., Yamazaki, M., Xu, Y., Saigoh, N., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1600039113 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms and mood regulation: insights from pre-clinical models
McClung, C. A. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.008 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Mortality related to actigraphic long and short sleep
Kripke, D. F., Langer, R. D., Elliott, J. A., Klauber, M. R., & Rex, K. M. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.016 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Links between circadian rhythms and psychiatric disease
Karatsoreos, I. N. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00162 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Hasler, B. P., Dahl, R. E., Holm, S. M., Jakubcak, J. L., Ryan, N. D., Silk, J. S., Phillips, M. L., & Forbes, E. E. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.08.008 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
McCarthy, M. J., Gottlieb, J. F., Gonzalez, R., McClung, C. A., Alloy, L. B., Cain, S., Dulcis, D., Etain, B., Frey, B. N., Garbazza, C., et al. (2022) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13165 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Burns, A. C., Windred, D. P., Rutter, M. K., Olivier, P., Vetter, C., Saxena, R., Lane, J. M., Phillips, A. J. K., & Cain, S. W. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00135-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Sleep and circadian contributions to adolescent alcohol use disorder
Hasler, B. P., Soehner, A. M., & Clark, D. B. (2015) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.06.010 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype
Carpenter, J. S., Crouse, J. J., Scott, E. M., Naismith, S. L., Wilson, C., Scott, J., Merikangas, K. R., & Hickie, I. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Pinho, M., Sehmbi, M., Cudney, L. E., Kauer‐Sant'anna, M., Magalhães, P. V., Reinares, M., Bonnín, C. M., Sassi, R. B., Kapczinski, F., Colom, F., et al. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12442 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Dim light at night increases depressive-like responses in male C3H/HeNHsd mice
Fonken, L. K., & Nelson, R. J. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.046 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Chronobiology, endocrinology, and energy‐ and food‐reward homeostasis
Gonnissen, H. K. J., Hulshof, T., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12019 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Duncan, W. C., Slonena, E., Hejazi, N. S., Brutsche, N., Yu, K. C., Park, L., Ballard, E. D., & Zarate, C. A. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.011 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms and psychiatric profiles in young adults with unipolar depressive disorders
Robillard, R., Carpenter, J. S., Rogers, N. L., Fares, S., Grierson, A. B., Hermens, D. F., Naismith, S. L., Mullin, S. J., Feilds, K.-L., Glozier, N., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0255-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effects of Circadian Disruption on Mental and Physical Health
Karatsoreos, I. N. (2012) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-012-0252-0 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Circadian Disruption in Psychiatric Disorders
Jones, S. G., & Benca, R. M. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.07.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
HASLER, B. P., GERMAIN, A., NOFZINGER, E. A., KUPFER, D. J., KRAFTY, R. T., ROTHENBERGER, S. D., JAMES, J. A., BI, W., & BUYSSE, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01002.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Robillard, R., Carpenter, J. S., Feilds, K.-L., Hermens, D. F., White, D., Naismith, S. L., Bartlett, D., Whitwell, B., Southan, J., Scott, E. M., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00624 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“This difference persisted when total scores were recalculated without the four sleep items [n = 24; t(23) = 5.”
Photoperiodic and circadian bifurcation theories of depression and mania
Kripke, D. F., Elliott, J. A., Welsh, D. K., & Youngstedt, S. D. (2015) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.6444.1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Circadian Polymorphisms in Night Owls, in Bipolars, and in Non-24-Hour Sleep Cycles
Kripke, D. F., Klimecki, W. T., Nievergelt, C. M., Rex, K. M., Murray, S. S., Shekhtman, T., Tranah, G. J., Loving, R. T., Lee, H.-J., Rhee, M. K., et al. (2014) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.345 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The real-world association between digital markers of circadian disruption and mental health risks
Lee, M. P., Kim, D. W., Fang, Y., Kim, R., Bohnert, A. S. B., Sen, S., & Forger, D. B. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01348-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lewy, A. J. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.09.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Emens, J., Lewy, A., Kinzie, J. M., Arntz, D., & Rough, J.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 259-261
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014165653
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG21826, R01AG021826)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY018312)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23RR017636, UL1RR024140)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042125, R01 HD42125)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- circadian misalignment, major depressive disorder, circadian pacemaker, sleep timing, depression severity, circadian rhythm
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Chronobiology Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
