Cited by 279Nerve injury and regenerationTreatment of Major DepressionTryptophan and brain disorders

Determinants of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Bus, B.A.A., Molendijk, M.L., Penninx, B.J.W.H., Buitelaar, J.K., Kenis, G., Prickaerts, J., Elzinga, B.M., Voshaar, R.C. Oude·2011·Psychoneuroendocrinology

Abstract

Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the neurotrophin family of growth factors and affects the survival and plasticity of neurons in the adult central nervous system. The high correlation between cortical and serum BDNF levels has led to many human studies on BDNF levels in various populations, however knowledge about determinants that influence BDNF is lacking.Aims To gain insight into the factors that influence BDNF levels in humans.Methods In 1168 people aged 18 through 65, free of antidepressants and current psychiatric disease, from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety four categories of determinants (sampling, sociodemographics, lifestyle indicators and diseases) were measured as well as BDNF level. We used univariate analyses as well as multivariate linear regression analyses in particular to determine which of the possible determinants significantly influenced serum BDNF levels.Results The mean BDNF level was 8.98ng/ml (SD 3.1ng/ml) with a range from 1.56ng/ml through 18.50ng/ml. Our final multivariate regression analysis revealed that a non-fasting state of blood draw (β=-.067; p=.019), later measurement (β=-.065; p=.022), longer sample storage (β=-.082; p=.004) and being a binge drinker (β=-.063; p=.035) all resulted in attenuated BDNF levels. This was in contrast to smoking (β=.098; p=.001) and living in an urban area (β=.109; p<.001), which resulted in increased BDNF levels. Moreover we found that older subjects also had higher BDNF levels, but this only applied to women (β=.226; p<.001).Conclusions Future studies on serum levels of BDNF in humans should correct for the time of blood withdrawal, storage, urbanicity, age, sex, smoking status and food and alcohol intake.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.013

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  • BDNF release is influenced by several other non-modifiable factors, such as sex, or non-exercise-related modifiable factors, such as sleep or nutrition, that are known to influence neuroplasticity in general.

    “BDNF release is also influenced by several other non-modifiable (e.g., sex Trajkovska et al., 2007; Komulainen et al., 2010; Bus et al., 2011) or non-exercise-related modifiable factors (e.g., sleep or nutrition; Giese et al., 2013, 2014; Walsh et al., 2015; Schmitt et al., 2016) that are known to influence neuroplasticity in general”
  • Analyses were adjusted for a priori covariates including age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking status, and components of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile.

    “Because factors such as age, sex, education, physical activity, and smoking status may determine social relationships and also influence BDNF levels, dementia risk, and stroke risk, we parsimoniously adjusted for a priori variables [4], [25], [26].”

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Authors
Bus, B. A. A., Molendijk, M. L., Penninx, B. J. W. H., Buitelaar, J. K., Kenis, G., Prickaerts, J., Elzinga, B. M., & Voshaar, R. C. O.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Bus, B.A.A.
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-02
Volume
36
Issue
2
Pages
228-239
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2139407404
Cited by
279
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
FWCI
6.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serum BDNF, blood sampling timing, blood storage, binge drinking, smoking, urbanicity, age and sex differences, lifestyle factors, neurotrophins
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Life Style, Lung Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Socioeconomic Factors, Epidemiologic Factors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Young Adult

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