Contribution of norepinephrine to emotional memory consolidation during sleep
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence indicating that slow wave sleep (SWS) supports memory consolidation. This effect may in part originate from phasic noradrinergic (NE) activity occurring during SWS in the presence of tonically lowered NE levels. Here, we examined whether NE supports the consolidation of amygdala-dependent emotional memory during SWS.Methods In a double-blind cross-over study, 15 men learned emotional and neutral materials (stories, pictures) in the evening before a 3-h period of early SWS-rich retention sleep, during which either placebo or clonidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist which blocks locus coeruleus NE release, was intravenously infused. Memory retrieval as well as affective ratings and heart rate responses to the pictures were assessed 23 h after learning.Results Clonidine reduced plasma NE levels but had no effect on SWS. While retention of story content words and pictures per se remained unaffected, clonidine distinctly blocked the superiority of emotional compared to neutral memory for temporal order, with this superiority of emotional over neutral memories observed only in the placebo condition. Heart rate responses to pictures were not affected, but whereas under placebo conditions familiar negative pictures were rated less arousing and with a more negative valence compared to pictures not seen before; these differences were abolished after clonidine.Conclusion Given that memory for the temporal order of events depends on the hippocampus to a greater extent than item memory, our findings suggest that NE activity during early SWS-rich sleep facilitates consolidation of memories that involve both, a strong amygdalar and hippocampal component.
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Adrenergic activity during SWS, instead of REM sleep, is involved in consolidation of emotional information.
“Furthermore, a recent study points towards an involvement of adrenergic activity during SWS instead of REM sleep for the consolidation of emotional information (482).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [482]
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What's in sleep for memory and emotion?
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- Authors
- Groch, S., Wilhelm, I., Diekelmann, S., Sayk, F., Gais, S., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1342-1350
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002523262
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- norepinephrine, emotional memory consolidation, slow-wave sleep, clonidine, locus coeruleus, noradrenergic activity, amygdala, hippocampus, temporal order memory, memory valence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Humans, Male, Memory, Norepinephrine, Placebos, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Sleep, Wakefulness, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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