The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.024

Cited by 316Regulation of Appetite and ObesityVagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchGastrointestinal motility and disorders

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

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Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf·2008·Regulatory Peptides

DOI 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.024PMC PMC2597723

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Abstract

Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver provide a rapid and discrete account of digestible food in the alimentary canal, as well as circulating and stored fuels, while vagal efferents, together with the sympathetic nervous system and hormonal mechanisms, codetermine the rate of nutrient absorption, partitioning, storage, and mobilization. Although vagal sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural mechanism of satiation, there is little evidence suggesting a significant role in long-term energy homeostasis. However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter- and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis.

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These receptors influence the control of food intake and regulation of satiety, gastric emptying, and energy balance by transmitting signals arising from the upper gut to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brain.
“They influence the control of food intake and regulation of satiety, gastric emptying and energy balance (39) by transmitting signals arising from the upper gut to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brain (40).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
Selective vagotomy by itself fails to affect energy homeostasis.
“selective vagotomy by itself fails to affect energy homeostasis (19).”
From Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
Vagal afferents play a critical role in the ability of gut-derived satiety signals such as CCK to promote the termination of a meal.
“abundant evidence suggests that vagal afferents play a critical role in the ability of gut-derived satiety signals, such as CCK, to promote the termination of a meal”
From Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism (2011) · cites this paper as [19]

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Bombesin immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus innervate the dorsal vagal complex in the rat
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Capsaicin-treated rats permanently overingest low- but not high-concentration sucrose solutions
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Self-citation
Comparative immunocytochemical study of the catecholaminergic and peptidergic afferent innervation to the dorsal vagal complex in rat and guinea pig
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Lack of Gastric Inhibitory Polypepetide (GIP) response to vagal stimulation in the rat
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Self-citation
Role of vagus nerve in secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in dogs.
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Untitled work
Rinaman (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980914)399:1
Untitled work
Merchenthaler (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990111)403:2

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in obesity.
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Genetic identification of vagal sensory neurons that control feeding
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Hindbrain Neurons as an Essential Hub in the Neuroanatomically Distributed Control of Energy Balance
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Neuronal Regulation of Energy Homeostasis: Beyond the Hypothalamus and Feeding
Waterson, M. J., & Horváth, T. L. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.026 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral signals regulating feeding behavior
Williams, K. W., & Elmquist, J. K. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3217 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
The stomach in health and disease
Hunt, R. H., Camilleri, M., Crowe, S. E., El-Omar, E. M., Fox, J. G., Kuipers, E. J., Malfertheiner, P., McColl, K. E. L., Pritchard, D. M., Rugge, M., et al. (2015) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307595 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
The vagus nerve in appetite regulation, mood, and intestinal inflammation
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Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism
Morton, G. J., & Schwartz, M. W. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2010 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
“Similarly, while abundant evidence suggests that vagal afferents play a critical role in the ability of gut-derived satiety signals, such as CCK, to promote the termination of a meal, selective vagotomy by itself fails to affect energy homeostasis (19).”
Background
Gut-Brain Cross-Talk in Metabolic Control
Clemmensen, C., Müller, T. D., Woods, S. C., Berthoud, H., Seeley, R. J., & Tschöp, M. H. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.025 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dynamics of Gut-Brain Communication Underlying Hunger
Beutler, L. R., Chen, Y., Ahn, J. S., Lin, Y.-C., Essner, R. A., & Knight, Z. A. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.043 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Role of the gut-brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism
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Rethinking Food Reward
de Araújo, I. E., Schatzker, M., & Small, D. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Pathophysiology of Obesity
Guarino, D., Nannipieri, M., Iervasi, G., Taddei, S., & Bruno, R. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00665 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
MC4R-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus regulate feeding and are synaptically connected to the parabrachial nucleus
Shah, B. P., Vong, L., Olson, D. P., Koda, S., Krashes, M. J., Ye, C., Yang, Z., Fuller, P. M., Elmquist, J. K., & Lowell, B. B. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1407843111 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Obesity and gut–microbiota–brain axis: A narrative review
Asadi, A., Mehr, N. S., Mohamadi, M. H., Shokri, F., Heidary, M., Sadeghifard, N., & Khoshnood, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.24420 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity
de Lartigue, G. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271538 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Short-chain fatty acids suppress food intake by activating vagal afferent neurons
Goswami, C., Iwasaki, Y., & Yada, T. (2018) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.009 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Peripheral Mechanisms in Appetite Regulation
Camilleri, M. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.016 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Endocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake
DiPatrizio, N. V., Astarita, G., Schwartz, G. J., Li, X., & Piomelli, D. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104675108 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Profiling of G protein-coupled receptors in vagal afferents reveals novel gut-to-brain sensing mechanisms
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Antiobesity and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Rats
Xiong, Y., Shen, L., Liu, K. J., Tso, P., Xiong, Y., Wang, G., Woods, S. C., & Liu, M. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0315 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks
Watts, A. G., Kanoski, S. E., Sanchez-Watts, G., & Langhans, W. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2020 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Bioelectric neuromodulation for gastrointestinal disorders: effectiveness and mechanisms
Payne, S. C., Furness, J. B., & Stebbing, M. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0078-6 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling Regulates Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity via a Neurocircuit Involving the Vagus Nerve
German, J., Kim, F., Schwartz, G. J., Havel, P. J., Rhodes, C. J., Schwartz, M. W., & Morton, G. J. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0445 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mechanism Underlying the Weight Loss and Complications of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Review
Abdeen, G., & le Roux, C. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1945-7 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Body mass index is related to autonomic nervous system activity as measured by heart rate variability
Molfino, A., Fiorentini, A., Tubani, L., Martuscelli, M., Fanelli, F. R., & Laviano, A. (2009) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.35 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Vagus Nerve Stimulation at the Interface of Brain–Gut InteractionsPreprint
Bonaz, B. L., Sinniger, V., & Sonia Pellissier, A. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a034199 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The metabolic role of vagal afferent innervation
Waise, T. M. Z., Dranse, H. J., & Lam, T. K. T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0062-1 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids in the Gut
DiPatrizio, N. V. (2016) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2016.0001 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Homeostatic and non-homeostatic controls of feeding behavior: Distinct vs. common neural systems
Liu, C. M., & Kanoski, S. E. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Involvement of TRPV1 Channels in Energy Homeostasis
Christie, S., Wittert, G., Li, H., & Page, A. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00420 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Neural Response to Gastrointestinal Nutritive Stimuli: The Gut-Brain Axis
Tsurugizawa, T., Uematsu, A., Nakamura, E., Hasumura, M., Hirota, M., Kondoh, T., Uneyama, H., & Torii, K. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.057 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Appetite Regulation: Hormones, Peptides, and Neurotransmitters and Their Role in Obesity
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The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review
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Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging
Campos, A., Port, J. D., & Acosta, A. J. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12040431 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Second Generation Antipsychotic-Induced Type 2 Diabetes: A Role for the Muscarinic M3 Receptor
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Vagal neuron expression of the microbiota-derived metabolite receptor, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR3), is necessary for normal feeding behavior
Cook, T. M., Gavini, C. K., Jesse, J., Aubert, G., Gornick, E. S., Bonomo, R. R., Gautron, L., Layden, B. T., & Mansuy‐Aubert, V. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101350 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Obesity is marked by distinct functional connectivity in brain networks involved in food reward and salience
Wijngaarden, M. A., Veer, I. M., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., van Buchem, M. A., van Dijk, K. W., Pijl, H., & van der Grond, J. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.016 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Obesity Affects the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and the Regulation Thereof by Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators
Forte, N. R., Fernández-Rilo, A. C., Palomba, L., Marzo, V. D., & Cristino, L. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21051554 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The critical role of CCK in the regulation of food intake and diet-induced obesity
Cawthon, C. R., & Serre, C. B. D. L. (2021) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170492 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“I Am I and My Bacterial Circumstances”: Linking Gut Microbiome, Neurodevelopment, and Depression
Lima‐Ojeda, J. M., Rupprecht, R., & Baghai, T. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00153 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Vagal nerve stimulation as a promising tool in the improvement of cognitive disorders
Broncel, A., Bocian, R., Kłos‐Wojtczak, P., Kulbat-Warycha, K., & Konopacki, J. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cholinergic Control of Inflammation, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Opportunities
Chang, E. H., Chavan, S. S., & Pavlov, V. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00263 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Intestinal lipid–derived signals that sense dietary fat
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Effects of olanzapine on muscarinic M3 receptor binding density in the brain relates to weight gain, plasma insulin and metabolic hormone levels
Weston–Green, K., Huang, X., Lian, J., & Deng, C. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.09.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Interoceptive contributions to healthy eating and obesity
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Recent advances in clinical practice challenges and opportunities in the management of obesity
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Incretins and Amylin: Neuroendocrine Communication Between the Gut, Pancreas, and Brain in Control of Food Intake and Blood Glucose
Hayes, M. R., Mietlicki‐Baase, E. G., Kanoski, S. E., & Jonghe, B. C. D. (2014) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161201 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Brain–gut–adipose-tissue communication pathways at a glance
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Gut adaptation after metabolic surgery and its influences on the brain, liver and cancer
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Modeling the response of small myelinated axons in a compound nerve to kilohertz frequency signals
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Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass reverses the effects of diet‐induced obesity to inhibit the responsiveness of central vagal motoneurones
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Vagal Sparing Surgical Technique but Not Stoma Size Affects Body Weight Loss in Rodent Model of Gastric Bypass
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Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Training on Appetite Regulation
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“Social Ties, Health and Wellbeing: A Literature Review and Model”,
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Leptin-sensitive sensory nerves innervate white fat
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Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery
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Self-citation
Cholecystokinin/Cholecystokinin-1 Receptor-Mediated Peripheral Activation of the Afferent Vagus by Enteral Nutrients Attenuates Inflammation in Rats
Lubbers, T., de Haan, J. J., Luyer, M. D. P., Verbaeys, I., Hadfoune, M., Dejong, C. H. C., Buurman, W. A., & Greve, J. W. M. (2010) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181dae411 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Vagal mechanisms as neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of metabolic disease
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Self-citation
The versatility of the vagus
Dockray, G. J. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.01.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
High calorie diet triggers hypothalamic angiopathy
Yi, C., Gericke, M. T., Krüger, M., Alkemade, A., Kabra, D. G., Hanske, S., Filosa, J. A., Pfluger, P. T., Bingham, N. C., Woods, S. C., et al. (2012) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2012.08.004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Validation and characterization of a novel method for selective vagal deafferentation of the gut
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Vagal Afferents Mediate Early Satiation and Prevent Flavour Avoidance Learning in Response to Intraperitoneally Infused Exendin‐4
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Whole-brain activation signatures of weight-lowering drugs
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Brain responses to nutrients are severely impaired and not reversed by weight loss in humans with obesity: a randomized crossover study
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Plasticity in vagal afferent neurones during feeding and fasting: mechanisms and significance*
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Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut–Brain–Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms
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Brain–gut communication via vagus nerve modulates conditioned flavor preference
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis in rats
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Peripheral Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Satiation
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Butyrylcholinesterase regulates central ghrelin signaling and has an impact on food intake and glucose homeostasis
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PPARγ in Vagal Neurons Regulates High-Fat Diet Induced Thermogenesis
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Is fat taste ready for primetime?
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Effects of vagal neuromodulation on feeding behavior
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Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array
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Authors: Berthoud, H.-R.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
ORCID: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
Venue: Regulatory Peptides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 149
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 15-25
ISSN: 0167-0115 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.024
PMC: PMC2597723
OpenAlex: W2110310483
Cited by: 316
References: 182
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 1.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Regulatory Peptides (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK071082, R01DK047348)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords: vagus nerve, vagal afferents, vagal efferents, dietary intake, obesity, satiation, energy homeostasis, nutrient absorption, nutrient partitioning, bariatric surgery
MeSH terms: Animals, Eating, Humans, Models, Biological, Obesity, Vagus Nerve

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The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

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