Cited by 198Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactEnvironmental Chemistry and Analysis

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams

Dauchy, Xavier, Boiteux, Virginie, Bach, Cristina, Rosin, Christophe, Munoz, Jean-François·2017·Chemosphere

Abstract

To extinguish large-scale fuel fires, fluorosurfactant based foams (FSBFs) were developed in the 1960s and have been used ever since. In this study, 154 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including 122 emerging PFASs used as surfactants in FSBFs were sought in nine different foam concentrates. Field investigations were also carried out in the vicinity of four sites where FSBFs are or were intensively used (two airports, a training center for firefighters and an oil storage depot after a large explosion). In the foam concentrates, only three PFASs were quantified with concentrations ranging from 22,500 to 3,188,000 μg/L. Thirteen emerging PFASs were also identified in these samples based on their mass transitions and intensities. Overall, each foam was a mixture of at least two classes of PFASs. In three concentrates, none of the 122 emerging PFASs were identified as the main ingredient. A perfluoroalkyl acid precursor oxidation assay was therefore performed, and revealed the presence of high amounts of unidentified PFASs. In the vicinity of the four investigated sites, several PFASs were systematically quantified in all of the samples collected downstream of the sites. PFAS profiles were heavily influenced by parameters such as route of PFAS transport after use (runoff, seepage, direct discharge), time elapsed since the cessation of firefighting activities, and firefighting foam composition. The PFAS concentrations found around the investigated sites are the highest recorded in France and resulted in the closure of certain drinking water resources.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056

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  • Prior research has reported water contamination after fires from heavy metals, per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs), and microbes.

    “Prior research has reported water contamination after fires from heavy metals, per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs), and microbes.7−9”
  • Prior research has reported water contamination after fires from heavy metals, per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs), and microbes.

    “Prior research has reported water contamination after fires from heavy metals, per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs), and microbes.7−9”
  • The contamination of drinking water systems with VOCs following large wildfires has been documented on several occasions since 2017.

    “The contamination of drinking water systems with VOCs following large wildfires has now been documented on several occasions since the phenomenon was first reported in 2017.7,9”
  • The analysis generally supported prior findings that local burn severity may be associated with higher risk of contamination in service lines.

    “Our analysis generally supported prior findings that local burn severity may be associated with higher risk of contamination in service lines.9”
  • 6:2 FTSA, 6:2 FTAB and FHxSA were developed as replacements and have been found in firefighting foams in high concentrations.

    “For example, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates (6:2 FTSA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB or 6:2 FTSA-PrB) and perfluorohexane sulfonamide (FHxSA) where developed as replacements and have been found in firefighting foams in high concentrations”

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Authors
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F.
Affiliations
Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (FR)
Corresponding author
Dauchy, Xavier
Venue
Chemosphere
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-09
Volume
183
Pages
53-61
ISSN
0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2613830507
Cited by
198
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4
FWCI
6.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Health (DGS 2015)
  • AERM (HO39B)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, fluorosurfactants, emerging PFASs, PFAS transport, airport firefighting
MeSH terms
Flame Retardants, Fluorocarbons, France, Surface-Active Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Airports

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