Regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids
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The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cellular and organismal growth, and hyperactivation of this pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer and diabetes. mTORC1 promotes growth in response to the availability of nutrients, such as amino acids, which drive mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. How amino acid levels are communicated to mTORC1 is only recently coming to light by the discovery of a lysosome-based signaling system composed of Rags (Ras-related GTPases) and Ragulator v-ATPase, GATOR (GAP activity towards Rags), and folliculin (FLCN) complexes. Increased understanding of this pathway will not only provide insight into growth control but also into the human pathologies triggered by its deregulation.
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When amino acids are above a threshold, Rags dimerise with the correct GTP loading status to allow mTORC1 complex assembly.
“When amino acids are above a certain threshold these Rags dimerise with the correct GTP loading status in such a way as to allow mTORC1 complex assembly [101].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [101]
The GTPase activity of RagGTPases is sensitive to intracellular amino acid content.
“Through an unknown mechanism the GTPase activity of the RagGTPases (RagA/B and RagC/D) is sensitive to the intracellular amino acid content [101].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Bar-Peled, L., & Sabatini, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Sabatini, David M.
- Venue
- Trends in Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 400-406
- ISSN
- 0962-8924 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4074565
- OpenAlex
- W1981206208
- Cited by
- 773
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 30
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PMC
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-07-0448, W81XWH)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (W81XWH, AI47389)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R03DA034602)
- National Cancer Institute (CA103866, R01CA103866, R01CA129105)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI047389, AI47389), R01AI047389)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- mTORC1, amino acids, nutrient signaling, Rag GTPases, V-ATPase, folliculin, lysosomal signaling, growth regulation, cancer, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Amino Acids, Animals, Humans, Lysosomes, Signal Transduction, Multiprotein Complexes, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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