How environment and genes shape the adolescent brain
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence". This review provides a conceptual framework for the study of factors--in our genes and environment--that shape the adolescent brain. I start by pointing out that brain phenotypes obtained with magnetic resonance imaging are complex traits reflecting the interplay of genes and the environment. In some cases, variations in the structural phenotypes observed during adolescence have their origin in the pre-natal or early post-natal periods. I then emphasize the bidirectional nature of brain-behavior relationships observed during this period of human development, where function may be more likely to influence structure rather than vice versa. In the main part of this article, I review our ongoing work on the influence of gonadal hormones on the adolescent brain. I also discuss the importance of social context and brain plasticity on shaping the relevant neural circuits.
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Both brain structure and function may serve as susceptibility mechanisms.
“Thus, both brain structure and function, which may interrelate and whose development inform each other (Hao et al., 2013, Honey et al., 2010, Paus, 2013, Power et al., 2010, Zielinski et al., 2010), may both serve as susceptibility mechanisms.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Paus, 2013
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- Authors
- Paus, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Paus, Tomáš
- ORCID
- Paus, Tomáš
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 195-202
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036174542
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- adolescent brain development, gene-environment interaction, brain structure, brain-behavior relationship, gonadal hormones, puberty, social environment, neuroplasticity, neural circuits, prenatal influences, postnatal development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Environment, Genes, Humans, Puberty, Adolescent Development, Gonadal Hormones, Social Determinants of Health
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