Sperm morphology analysis (strict criteria) in male infertility is not a prognostic factor in intrauterine insemination with husband’s sperm
Open accessAbstract
Objective To assess the prognostic value of strict sperm morphology analysis in intrauterine insemination with husband's sperm (IUI) cycles performed because of male infertility. Design Prospective study. Setting Academic tertiary hospital. Patients Seventy-four consecutive couples subjected to 271 IUI cycles because of male infertility. Main outcome measure Strict morphology analysis 1 month before the beginning of IUI following the criteria of Kruger et al. Results Pregnancy and no pregnancy couples were similar regarding strict normal forms (2.85% +/- 2.07% versus 3.13% +/- 2.63%), slightly amorphous forms, and the morphology index (11.79 +/- 6.06 versus 12.04 +/- 7.13). Pregnancy rates (PRs) were similar when normal forms were 4% (35.7%). The PR, although higher in the group with morphology index > 10% (41.4%) than in the group 10% (50.0%) than in the group Conclusion Strict morphology analysis 1 month before the beginning of IUI is not a useful prognostic factor in IUI performed because of male infertility.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent studies have called into question the predictive value of sperm morphology for pregnancy and the need to move directly to ICSI in those with teratozoospermia.
“Recent studies have called into question the predictive value of sperm morphology for pregnancy and the need to move directly to ICSI in those with teratozoospermia (Matorras et al., 1995;Karabinus & Gelety, 1997;Check et al., 2007;Deveneau et al., 2014).”
From Isolated abnormal strict morphology is not a contraindication for intrauterine insemination (2015) · cites this paper as Matorras et al., 1995
Studies examining sperm morphology and pregnancy outcomes following IUI and IVF have produced variable results.
“In the context of these aforementioned limitations, studies have been performed examining sperm morphology and pregnancy outcomes following IUI7891011 and IVF112131415161718 with variable results.”
From Men with a complete absence of normal sperm morphology exhibit high rates of success without assisted reproduction (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
Cites
Laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction.
Ma, B., Moghissi, K. S., ELIASSON, R., Ca, P., Aj, G., & Mr, P. (1980) · Cited by 2,209 · see citing works
Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization
Kruger, T. F., Menkveld, R., Stander, F. S. H., Lombard, C. J., Van der Merwe, J. P., van Zyl, J. A., & Smith, K. (1986) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49891-2 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Predictive value of abnormal sperm morphology in in vitro fertilization
Kruger, T. F., Acosta, A. A., Simmons, K. F., Swanson, R. J., Matta, J. F., & Oehninger, S. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59660-5 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Dodson, W. C., Whitesides, D. B., Hughes, C. L., Easley, H. A., & Haney, A. F. (1987) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59414-x · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Horvath, P. M., Bohrer, M. K., Shelden, R. M., & Kemmann, E. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60857-9 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Enginsu, M. E., Dumoulin, J. C. M., Pieters, M. H. E. C., Bras, M., Evers, J. L. H., & Geraedts, J. P. M. (1991) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137440 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Francavilla, F., Romano, R., Santucci, R., & Poccia, G. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53528-6 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kemmann, E., Bohrer, M. K., Shelden, R. M., Fiasconaro, G., & Beardsley, L. (1987) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59583-1 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF HUSBAND'S SEMEN
Barwin, B. N. (1974) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0360101 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sperm morphological assessment based on strict criteria and in-vitro fertilization outcome
Kobayashi, T., Jinno, M., Sugimura, K., Nozawa, S., Sugiyama, T., & Iida, E. (1991) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137473 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Intrauterine insemination is not useful in oligoasthenospermia
Ho, P., Poon, I. M. L., Chan, S. Y. W., & Wang, C. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60621-0 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pretreatment of sperm with human follicular fluid for borderline male infertility
Blumenfeld, Z., & Nahhas, F. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60681-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Arny (1987) · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59479-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Hoing, L. M., Devroey, P., & Steirteghem, A. C. V. (1986) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49222-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Spermatozoa selection in discontinuous Percoll gradients for use in artificial insemination
Pardo, M., Barri, P. N., Bancells, N., Coroleu, B., Buxaderas, C., Pomerol, J. M., & Sabater, J. M. M. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59781-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Experience with intrauterine insemination for cervical factor and oligospermia
Hull, M. E., Magyar, D. M., Vasquez, J. M., Hayes, M. F., & Moghissi, K. S. (1986) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90721-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Relationship of within patient semen variability to outcome of intrauterine insemination
McGovern, P., Quagliarello, J., & Arny, M. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60736-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Factors that influence the outcome of the intrauterine insemination with husband's sperm.
Matorras, R., García, F., Corcóstegui, B., Ramón, O., Montoya, F., & Fj, R.-E. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Waart, J. V. (2001) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/7.5.495 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Semen quality and prediction of IUI success in male subfertility: a systematic review
Ombelet, W. U. A. M., Dhont, N., Thijssen, A., Bosmans, E., & Kruger, T. F. (2013) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.10.023 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Intrauterine insemination: a systematic review on determinants of success
Duran, E. H. (2002) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/8.4.373 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Sperm morphology: assessment, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and state of the art in 2017
Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., & Léandri, R. D. (2017) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12389 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
van Weert, J.-M., Repping, S., Van Voorhis, B. J., van der Veen, F., Bossuyt, P. M. M., & Mol, B. W. J. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.042 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Semen quality and intrauterine insemination
Ombelet, W., Deblaere, K., Bosmans, E., Cox, A., Jacobs, P., Janssen, M., & Nijs, M. (2003) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61894-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Wainer, R. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh390 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Intra-uterine insemination for male subfertility
Bensdorp, A. J., Cohlen, B., Heineman, M. J., & Vandekerckhove, P. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000360.pub3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Shibahara, H., Obara, H., Ayustawati, Hirano, Y., Suzuki, T., Ohno, A., Takamizawa, S., & Suzuki, M. (2004) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.0105-6263.2004.00437.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
RETRACTED: Effect of sperm morphology and number on success of intrauterine insemination
Badawy, A., Elnashar, A., & Eltotongy, M. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
RetractedLundin, K., Söderlund, B., & Hamberger, L. (1997) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/12.12.2676 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Montanaro-Gauci, M., Kruger, T. F., Coetzee, K., Smith, K., van der Merwe, J. P., & Lombard, C. J. (2001) · Andrologia · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2001.00428.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Smith, R., Kovac, J., Cajipe, M., Lamb, D., & Lipshultz, L. (2017) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/1008-682x.189211 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility
Cissen, M., Bensdorp, A. J., Cohlen, B. J., Repping, S., de Bruin, J. P., & van Wely, M. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000360.pub5 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Barroso, G., Mercan, R., Özgür, K., Morshedi, M., Kolm, P., Coetzee, K., Kruger, T. F., & Oehninger, S. (1999) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/14.8.2036 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Osuna, C., Matorras, R., Pijoán, J. I., & Rodrı́guez-Escudero, F. J. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.12.035 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationKohn, T. P., Kohn, J. R., & Ramasamy, R. (2018) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.045 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sperm morphology analysis using strict criteria as a prognostic factor in intrauterine insemination
Lee, R. K., Hou, J., Ho, H., Hwu, Y., Lin, M., Tsai, Y., & Su, J. (2002) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00355.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Homologous Intrauterine Insemination
Prietl, G., van der Ven, H., & Krebs, D. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-00763-1_8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hauser, R., Yogev, L., Botchan, A., Lessing, J. B., Paz, G., & Yavetz, H. (2001) · Andrologia · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2001.00404.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lindheim, S. R., Barad, D. H., Zinger, M., Witt, B. R., Amin, H. K., Cohen, B. L., Fisch, H., & Barg, P. E. (1996) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02066610 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Morshedi, M., Duran, E. H., Taylor, S. L., & Oehninger, S. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00250-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Thijssen, A., Creemers, A., Van der Elst, W., Creemers, E., Vandormael, E., Dhont, N., & Ombelet, W. (2017) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.016 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Intra-uterine insemination for male subfertility
Bensdorp, A. J., Cohlen, B. J., Heineman, M. J., & Vanderkerchove, P. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000360.pub4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Isolated teratozoospermia and intrauterine insemination
Spiessens, C., Vanderschueren, D., Meuleman, C., & D'Hooghe, T. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01172-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hendin, B. N., Falcone, T., Hallak, J., Nelson, D. R., Vemullapalli, S., Goldberg, J. M., Thomas, A. J., & Agarwal, A. K. (2000) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1009402214820 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sperm chromatin structure assay and classical semen parameters: systematic review
Castilla, J. A., Zamora, S., Gonzalvo, M. C., Luna, J. D. D., Nofuentes, J. A. R., Clavero, A., Björndahl, L., & Martínez, L. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.10.024 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Impact of sperm morphology on the likelihood of pregnancy after intrauterine insemination
Deveneau, N. E., Sinno, O., Krause, M., Eastwood, D., Sandlow, J. I., Robb, P., Granlund, A., & Strawn, E. Y. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.016 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Isolated abnormal strict morphology is not a contraindication for intrauterine insemination
Lockwood, G. M., Deveneau, N. E., Shridharani, A. N., Strawn, E. Y., & Sandlow, J. I. (2015) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12098 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sperm morphology: Evaluating its clinical relevance in contemporary fertility practice
Pelzman, D. L., & Sandlow, J. I. (2024) · Reproductive Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1002/rmb2.12594 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gn-RH antagonists in intrauterine insemination: the weekend-free protocol
Matorras, R., Ramón, O., Expósito, A., Corcóstegui, B., Ocerin, I., González-Lopera, S., & Rodrı́guez-Escudero, F. J. (2006) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-005-9019-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationMatorras, R., Gorostiaga, A., Diez, J., Corcóstegui, B., Pijoan, J. I., Ramón, O., & Rodrı́guez-Escudero, F. J. (1996) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58165-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, Y., Li, B., Fan, L. Q., Zhu, W. B., Chen, X. J., Feng, J. H., Yang, C. L., & Zhang, Y. H. (2012) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01280.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Erdem, M., Erdem, A., Mutlu, M. F., Ozisik, S., Yildiz, S., Guler, I., & Karakaya, C. (2016) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Høst, E., Lindenberg, S., Ernst, E., & Christensen, F. (1999) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780609.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Role of Abnormal Sperm Morphology in Predicting Pregnancy Outcomes
Shabtaie, S. A., Gerkowicz, S. A., Kohn, T. P., & Ramasamy, R. (2016) · Current Urology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11934-016-0623-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
5a Intrauterine insemination: is it an effective treatment for male factor infertility?
FORD, W. C. L., Mathur, R., & Hull, M. G. R. (1997) · Baillière s Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3552(97)80007-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Relationship Between Etiological Factors and Total Motile Sperm Count in 350 Infertile Patients
Pan, R. C. M.-D., Bischof, P., Campana, A., & Morabia, A. (1997) · Archives of Andrology · doi:10.3109/01485019708987917 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Matorras, R., Osuna, C., Expósito, A., Crisol, L., & Pijoán, J. I. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.02.030 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationFecundability trends among sperm donors as a measure of donor performance
Thyer, A., Patton, P. E., Burry, K. A., Mixon, B. A., & Wolf, D. P. (1999) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00094-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ultrasound-guided artificial insemination: a randomized controlled trial
Ramón, O., Matorras, R., Corcóstegui, B., Meabe, A., Burgos, J., Expósito, A., & Crisol, L. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den498 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation[Prognostic factors of pregnancy in intrauterine insemination].
Delgadillo, J. C. B., Ruiz, J. C. R., Munguía, A. C. M., Acosta, S. V., Solís, V. S., Villa, G. B., & Gaviño, F. G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Matorras, R., Diez, J., Corcóstegui, B., de Terán, G. G., García, J. M., Pijoan, J. I., & Rodrı́guez-Escudero, F. J. (1996) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(95)02556-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBedaiwy, M. A., Sharma, R. K., Al-Hussaini, T. K., Mohamed, M. S., Aleem, A. M. A., Nelson, D. R., Thomas, A. J., Jr., & Agarwal, A. K. (2003) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02682.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The relationship between semen parameters in processed and unprocessed semen with IUI success rate
Mollaahmadi, L., Keramat, A., Ghiasi, A., & Hashemzadeah, M. (2018) · Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association · doi:10.4274/jtgga.2018.0089 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Strict criteria for sperm morphology
Centola, G. M., & Jeyendran, R. S. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635656.035 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Factors determining successful intrauterine insemination
Sinha, P., Pandey, K., & Srivastava, A. (2017) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174028 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gómez-Pereira, E., Burgos, J., Mendoza, R., Pérez-Ruiz, I., Olaso, F., Garcia, D. A., Malaina, I., & Matorras, R. (2022) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-022-01054-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationFuentes Ávila, A., Blasco Sanz, R., & Cortés Alaguero, C. (2021) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000871 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
An Andrological Approach to Assisted Reproduction
Köhn, F.-M., & Schill, W. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58341-4_9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kdous, M. (2015) · Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20150305.11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bhat, V. V., Chandel, N. P., Bhat, B. S., & Geetha, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Medical Sciences and Health · doi:10.46347/jmsh.2015.v01i02.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What are the best semen parameters to predict pregnancy in intrauterine insemination cycles?
Shalom‐Paz, E., Wiser, A., Herrero, B., Hyman, J. H., & Reinblatt, S. L. (2014) · IVF Lite · doi:10.4103/2348-2907.142332 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Grundlagen der Inseminationsbehandlung
Montzka, P., Al‐Hasani, S., van der Ven, H., & Diedrich, K. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58738-2_19 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Turhan, N. Ö., Pekel, A., Onaran, Y., Duvan, Z. C. İ., & Bayrak, Ö. (2011) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.3906/sag-1001-552 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pan, R. C. M.-D., & Campana, A. (1997) · Andrologie · doi:10.1007/bf03034933 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Andrological Approach in Assisted Reproduction
Köhn, F.-M., & Schill, W. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-00763-1_19 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Larach, J., González, D., Barrera, S., Epifanio, R., Morgan, M., & Palma, A. E. (2013) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20130013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Artificial Intrauterine Insemination: Noninvasive Management of Subfertile Couples
Prietl, G., van der Ven, H., & Krebs, D. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58341-4_26
Effects of spermiogram parameters in patients who attempt intrauterine insemination
Şevket, O., Demirel, E., Ateş, S., Demirel, F., Koç, S., & Sönmez, S. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations · doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0327
Wegmann, B., & Neulen, J. (2007) · RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)
Abnormalities of semen parameters
Williams, D. H., & Sandlow, J. I. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511997761.006
Applegarth, L. D., Oates, R. D., & Schlegel, P. N. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511997761.005
Demirel, E., Demirel, F., & Koç, S. (2013)
Aparicio‐Ruiz, B., Basile, N., Romany, L., Viloria, T., Gimenez, J. R., & Meseguer, M. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.266
Numération, mobilité, térastospermie et résultats en AMP
Pilikian, S. (1997) · Andrologie · doi:10.1007/bf03035273
Lopes, F. B., Setti, A. S., Braga, D. P. D. A. F., Figueira, R. D. C. S., Iaconelli, A., & Borges, E. (2010) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.2011.14.3.05
Burks, H. R., Peck, J. D., Hansen, K. R., Stoner, J. A., & Craig, L. B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317521
Relationship between sperm parameters and clinical outcomes of Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI).
(2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/cjim.12.1.70 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Matorras, R., Corcóstegui, B., Perez, C., Mandiola, M., Mendoza, R., & Rodríguez-Escudero, F. J.
- Affiliations
- Hospital de Cruces (ES)
- ORCID
- Matorras, Roberto
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 608-611
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2344957300
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
- Keywords
- sperm morphology, male infertility, intrauterine insemination, pregnancy rate, prognostic factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Infertility, Male, Insemination, Artificial, Homologous, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Spermatozoa, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
