Sleep deprivation in the rat by the disk-over-water method
Abstract
Chronic sleep deprivation may be required to reveal the most serious physiological consequences of sleep loss, but it usually requires strong stimulation which can obscure the interpretation of effects. The disk-over-water method permits chronic sleep deprivation of rats with gentle physical stimulation that can be equally applied to yoked control rats. A series of studies with this method has revealed little or no pathology in the control rats. The deprived rats show a reliable syndrome that includes temperature changes (which vary with the sleep stages that are lost); heat seeking behavior; increased food intake; weight loss; increased metabolic rate; increased plasma norepinephrine; decreased plasma thyroxine; an increased triiodothyronine-thyroxine ratio; and an increase of an enzyme which mediates thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue. The temperature changes are attributable to excessive heat loss and an elevated thermoregulatory setpoint, both of which increase thermoregulatory load, and the other changes are interpretable as responses to this increased load. This pattern indicates that sleep serves a thermoregulatory function in the rat. The sleep deprived rats also show stereotypic ulcerative and hyperkeratotic lesions localized to the tail and plantar surfaces of the paws, and they die within a matter of weeks; the mediation of these changes is unresolved.
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Animals deprived of sleep for several weeks show temperature and weight dysregulation and ultimately die of infections and tissue lesions.
“animals deprived of sleep for several weeks show temperature and weight dysregulation and ultimately die of infections and tissue lesions (973).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [973]
Total sleep deprivation leads to marked hyperphagia in rodents.
“conversely, total sleep deprivation leads to marked hyperphagia [133].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [133]
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Sleep and obesity: A focus on animal models
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Lying behavior in horses in relation to box size
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Increases in amino-cupric-silver staining of the supraoptic nucleus after sleep deprivation
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Self-citationChronic Sleep Disturbance Impairs Glucose Homeostasis in Rats
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Sleep Counteracts Aging Phenotypes to Survive Starvation-Induced Developmental Arrest in C. elegans
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Shift Work and Correctional Officers: Effects and Strategies for Adjustment
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Adverse Effects of Sleep Deprivation in the ICU
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Age impairments in sleep, metabolic and immune functions
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Innate Immunity Promotes Sleep through Epidermal Antimicrobial Peptides
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Fully automated sleep deprivation in mice as a tool in sleep research
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Factors Altering the Sleep of Burned Children
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Daytime sleepiness affects prefrontal regulation of food intake
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Genetic sleep deprivation: using sleep mutants to study sleep functions
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Total sleep deprivation decreases immobility in the forced-swim test
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The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes
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- Authors
- Rechtschaffen, A., & Bergmann, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rechtschaffen, Allan
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 55-63
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123138830
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Chicago
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (ME 18428)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-4151)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, chronic sleep deprivation, thermoregulation, brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, dietary intake, weight loss, metabolic rate, ulcerative lesions, hyperkeratosis, sleep function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Sleep Deprivation, Rats
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