Genetics of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Results of behavioral genetic investigations using family twin and adoption studies converge with those of molecular genetic studies in showing that genes influence susceptibility to'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These finding suggest that genetic mechanisms that predispose individuals to ADHD are complex. It seems likely that the disorder is caused by the combined actions of several genes. It is equally clear that aberrant genes create a vulnerability to the disorder that is not expressed in all environments. The literature about the genetics of adult ADHD is relatively small, but it suggests not only that the persistent form of ADHD is familial, but that it is more familial than the nonpersistent form. More work from twin and molecular genetic studies is needed to determine if the increased familiality of persistent ADHD reflects the actions of genes or of familial environmental causes.
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Family, twin and adoption studies show ADHD is familial with high heritability, indicating significant genetic component.
“Family, twin and adoption studies show that ADHD is a familial disorder with high heritability, indicating that a significant genetic component influences risk for the disorder [46-54].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Faraone, S. V.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faraone, Stephen V
- ORCID
- Faraone, Stephen V
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 303-321
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054753933
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, genetic susceptibility, familiality, persistent ADHD, twin studies, adoption studies, molecular genetics, gene-environment interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adoption, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Corpus Striatum, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Serotonin, Twins, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Twin Studies as Topic, Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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