Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Dimensions: A Twin Study of Inattention and Impulsivity-Hyperactivity
Abstract
Objective This study used a model-fitting strategy to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the core behavioral dimensions associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 576 twin boys, aged 11 and 12 years.Method Teacher ratings and maternal structured interview reports composed of behavioral items including DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD were obtained for 194 pairs of monozygotic and 94 pairs of dizygotic twins. Factor analysis of these measures yielded two ADHD-related dimensions, inattention and impulsivity-hyperactivity. Scales representing these dimensions were used in the genetic analyses.Results Univariate analyses supported a substantial contribution of genetic factors in the expression of inattention and impulsivity-hyperactivity and smaller contributions of shared and nonshared environmental factors. Results varied according to informant source, with mothers' reports suggestive of rater bias effects. Bivariate analyses indicated that the correlation between these two ADHD dimensions was also genetically mediated.Conclusions Genetic factors are etiologically important in the expression of the separate dimensions of ADHD and in the covariation between them. However, it is important to obtain reports from more than one informant because rater bias effects may be operative, particularly in maternal reports.
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Family, twin and adoption studies show ADHD is familial with high heritability, indicating significant genetic component.
“Family, twin and adoption studies show that ADHD is a familial disorder with high heritability, indicating that a significant genetic component influences risk for the disorder [46-54].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- SHERMAN, D. K., IACONO, W. G., & McGUE, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- IACONO, WILLIAM G.
- ORCID
- IACONO, WILLIAM G.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 745-753
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974635770
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 05147)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA 09367 and AA 00175)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattention, genetic factors, environmental factors, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, rater bias, informant differences, maternal report, teacher ratings, heritability, behavioral dimensions
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
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