Association between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory markers: systematic review of observational and interventional studies

Buyken, Anette E; Goletzke, Janina; Joslowski, Gesa; Felbick, Anna; Cheng, Guo; Herder, Christian; Brand-Miller, Jennie C

doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.074252

Cited by 180Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Association between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory markers: systematic review of observational and interventional studies

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Buyken, Anette E, Goletzke, Janina, Joslowski, Gesa, Felbick, Anna, Cheng, Guo, Herder, Christian, Brand-Miller, Jennie C·2014·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.074252

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Abstract

Background Chronic low-grade inflammation is a likely intermediary between quality of carbohydrate and chronic disease risk.Objective We conducted a systematic literature search to evaluate the relevance of carbohydrate quality on inflammatory markers in observational and intervention studies.Design MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary fiber or fiber supplements or whole grain intake, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or interleukin 6 (IL-6). Included studies had to be conducted on adults (healthy, overweight, with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome features, but without inflammatory disease) with ≥20 participants and a 3-wk duration.Results In total, 22 of the 60 studies that met our inclusion criteria examined GI/GL: 5 of 9 observational studies reported lower concentrations of hsCRP or IL-6 among persons with a lower dietary GI/GL; 3 of 13 intervention studies showed significant antiinflammatory effects of a low-GI/GL diet, and 4 further studies suggested beneficial effects (trends or effects in a subgroup). For fiber intake, 13 of 16 observational studies reported an inverse relation with hsCRP or IL-6, but only 1 of 11 intervention studies showed a significant antiinflammatory effect of fiber intake, and a further trial reported a beneficial trend. For whole-grain intake, 6 of 7 observational studies observed an inverse association with inflammatory markers, but only 1 of 7 intervention studies reported significant antiinflammatory effects, 1 further study was suggestive (in a subgroup) of such, and another study found an adverse effect (trend only).Conclusions Evidence from intervention studies for antiinflammatory benefits is less consistent for higher-fiber or whole-grain diets than for low-GI/GL diets. Benefits of higher fiber and whole-grain intakes suggested by observational studies may reflect confounding.

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From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors: Buyken, A. E., Goletzke, J., Joslowski, G., Felbick, A., Cheng, G., Herder, C., & Brand-Miller, J. C.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Sichuan University (CN)
Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung (DE)
University of Bonn (DE)
ORCID: Buyken, Anette E
Goletzke, Janina
Cheng, Guo
Herder, Christian
Brand-Miller, Jennie C
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 99
Issue: 4
Pages: 813-833
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.074252
OpenAlex: W2110349304
Cited by: 180
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 1.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3243 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: carbohydrate quality, glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary fiber, fiber supplements, whole grain intake, inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, low glycemic index diet, anti-inflammatory activity, low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, confounding
MeSH terms: Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Edible Grain, Chronic Disease, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Food Handling, Health Promotion, Humans, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Interleukin-6, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cross-Over Studies, Inflammation Mediators, Evidence-Based Medicine, Glycemic Index, Observational Studies as Topic

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Association between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory markers: systematic review of observational and interventional studies

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