Disturbed microstructural integrity of the frontostriatal fiber pathways and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognized as an early-onset neuropsychiatric disorder with executive dysfunctions and neurobiological deficits. The authors compared executive functions and microstructural integrity of the frontostriatal circuit in children with ADHD and typically developing children. Method We assessed 25 children with ADHD and 25 age-, sex-, handedness- and intelligence-matched typically developing children by using psychiatric interviews, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - third edition, and the tasks involving executive functions in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. The frontostriatal tracts were reconstructed by diffusion spectrum imaging tractography and were subdivided into four functionally distinct segments, including dorsolateral, medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal and ventrolateral tracts. Tract-specific and matched case-control analyses were used and generalized fractional anisotropy values were computed. RESULTS: Children with ADHD had lower generalized fractional anisotropy of all the bilateral frontostriatal fiber tracts and poorer performance in verbal and spatial working memory, set-shifting, sustained attention, cognitive inhibition and visuospatial planning. The symptom severity of ADHD and the executive functioning performance significantly correlated with integrity of the frontostriatal tracts, particularly the left orbitofrontal and ventrolateral tracts. Children with ADHD also demonstrated loss of the leftward asymmetry in the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal tracts that was present in typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate disturbed structural connectivity of the frontostriatal circuitry in children with ADHD and add new evidence of associations between integrity of the frontostriatal tracts and measures of core symptoms of ADHD and a wide range of executive dysfunctions in both groups.
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In children and adolescents, severity of ADHD symptoms is linked to decreased frontal and temporal grey matter, caudate and cerebellar volumes, and decreased FA.
“In children and adolescents, severity of ADHD symptoms was linked to decreased frontal and temporal grey matter, caudate and cerebellar volumes, [7] and decreased FA [15, 21, 26].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
These findings, in part, corroborate previous results of white matter differences associated with symptoms severity.
“These findings, in part, corroborate previous results of white matter differences associated with symptoms severity [15, 16, 21, 26, 55].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
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Hwang-Gu, S.-L., Lin, H.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Tseng, Y.-H., Hsu, W.-Y., Chou, M.-C., Chou, W.-J., Wu, Y.-Y., & Gau, S. S.-F. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1452151 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Shang, C. Y., Wu, Y. H., Gau, S. S., & Tseng, W. Y.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Gau, S. S.
- Tseng, W. Y.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-08-15
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1093-1107
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W1966866776
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council
- National Health Research Institutes
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive dysfunction, microstructural integrity, fractional anisotropy, working memory, set-shifting, sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, children
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Basal Ganglia, Child, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Wechsler Scales, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies, Anisotropy, Prefrontal Cortex, Multilevel Analysis, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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