Guanfacine enhances inhibitory control and attentional shifting in early abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Attenuation of adrenergic drive and cognitive enhancement, via stimulation of alpha2 pre- and post-synaptic receptors, may selectively enhance executive performance in early abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals. As these cognitive processes underpin important treatment-related behaviors, the alpha2 agonist, guanfacine HCl, may represent an effective pharmaco-therapeutic intervention. Methods: Twenty-five early abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals were administered a battery of neurocognitive tasks on entry into treatment (baseline) and again following 3 weeks of either placebo or guanfacine treatment (up to 3 mg). Tasks included: Stop Signal, Stroop, 3-Dimentional Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional (IDED) task, Spatial Working Memory (SWM), Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Verbal Fluency and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Results: Compared with placebo, the guanfacine group demonstrated attenuated anxiety and negative affect as well as improved performance on selective executive tests. This included fewer directional errors on the stop signal task, fewer errors on the extra-dimensional shift component of the IDED task and better attentional switching during verbal fluency. Guanfacine did not improve strategic working memory or peripheral memory. Conclusion: Guanfacine improves selective cognitive processes which may underlie salient treatment-related regulatory behaviors. Alpha2 agonists may therefore represent important agents for cocaine dependence.
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Fox et al. showed guanfacine could improve PFC functions (inhibitory control, Stroop interference) and reduce drug cravings in cocaine addicts.
“Fox et al. showed that guanfacine could improve PFC functions (inhibitory control, Stroop interference) and reduce drug cravings in cocaine addicts (Fox et al., 2015, Fox et al., 2012).”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 2015
The Abstract Results report improved inhibitory control in early-abstinent cocaine-dependent participants. But the Results > Cognitive measures section says Stroop performance improved in both the guanfacine and placebo groups, with no guanfacine-specific effect. This paper does not report a craving reduction from its own trial; its Discussion mentions craving decreases in connection with a separate 2014 study. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGuanfacine improves PFC functions and reduces cravings in subjects with stress-induced substance abuse.
“Guanfacine is now in widespread use for the treatment of PFC disorders on the basis of research in animals, and it has been shown to improve PFC functions and reduce cravings in subjects with stress-induced substance abuse112,113.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [113]
The Abstract Results (page not provided) report improved performance on selective executive tasks in early-abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals, but not improvement across PFC functions generally. The Discussion (page not provided) reports a prior study finding reduced craving, especially in women; this paper did not measure craving, and it does not identify its participants as having stress-induced substance abuse. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Fox, H., Sofuoglu, M., & Sinha, R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-01-07
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 312-323
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC4432477
- OpenAlex
- W2088516813
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020095)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027130, K01DA029040)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- guanfacine, cocaine dependence, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, inhibitory control, attentional shift, executive function, early abstinence, cognitive enhancement, anxiety, negative affect, working memory, verbal fluency, pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Guanfacine, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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