Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Nanoparticles
Open accessAbstract
Hydrogen fuel is considered as the cleanest renewable resource and the primary alternative to fossil fuels for future energy supply. Sustainable hydrogen generation is the major prerequisite to realize future hydrogen economy. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as the vital step of water electrolysis to H 2 production, has been the subject of extensive study over the past decades. In this comprehensive review, we first summarize the fundamentals of HER and review the recent state-of-the-art advances in the low-cost and high-performance catalysts based on noble and non-noble metals, as well as metal-free HER electrocatalysts. We systemically discuss the insights into the relationship among the catalytic activity, morphology, structure, composition, and synthetic method. Strategies for developing an effective catalyst, including increasing the intrinsic activity of active sites and/or increasing the number of active sites, are summarized and highlighted. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and research directions of HER electrocatalysis are featured.
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Noble-metal catalysts currently give the best electrocatalytic water splitting performance at low operating voltage.
“Currently, noble metal-based catalysts show the best performance for electrocatalytic water splitting with a low operating voltage.”
From Bimetallic Ni–Co selenide heterostructure aerogel for highly efficient overall water splitting (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The section on supporting materials identifies platinum-group metals as the most effective catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, citing their low overpotentials. The Conclusion and Perspective distinguishes that reaction from oxygen evolution, which also determines water-splitting efficiency. The cited evidence therefore supports the claim for hydrogen evolution, but not the broader claim that noble-metal catalysts give the best performance or low operating voltage for overall water splitting; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEfficient HER catalysts need moderate H* adsorption/desorption, while efficient OER catalysts need balanced O* binding between OH* and OOH*.
“Basically, high performance electrocatalysts for the HER require moderate adsorption/desorption properties with H*, while high performance electrocatalysts for the OER need balanced binding energy of O* between OH* and OOH*.3,13”
From Bimetallic Ni–Co selenide heterostructure aerogel for highly efficient overall water splitting (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Section 3.6, “Hydrogen bonding energy” (page unavailable), says an ideal HER catalyst binds hydrogen neither too weakly nor too strongly, supporting the H* part. The Conclusion and Perspective mentions the importance of OER catalysts but does not describe balanced O* binding between OH* and OOH*; searches for those intermediates found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth HER and OER must be obtained at considerably high overpotentials to achieve overall water splitting.
“However, both”
From Phosphorus doped nickel-molybdenum aerogel for efficient overall water splitting (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
The Introduction (page not provided) says water splitting involves both HER and OER and that catalysts are needed to minimize their overpotentials. Section 3.1 (page not provided) explains that practical HER requires extra applied potential to overcome kinetic barriers. The paper does not establish that both reactions must occur at considerably high overpotentials; that wording overstates the source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe high cost and limited reserves of noble metals prevent their large-scale use.
“However, high cost and low reserves dramatically prevent their large-scale application.3,4”
From Bimetallic Ni–Co selenide heterostructure aerogel for highly efficient overall water splitting (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The B-Os aerogels have a greater intrinsic capacity for electrocatalytic hydrogen production than Os NPs and Pt/C.
“suggesting a greater intrinsic capacity for electrocatalytic hydrogen production (Supplementary Fig. 17)55.”
From Interstitial boron-triggered electron-deficient Os aerogels for enhanced pH-universal hydrogen evolution (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
The review discusses CoP aerogels and, separately, compares Mo₂B₄ with Pt/C (Conclusion and Perspective; page unavailable). Searches for B-Os aerogels, Os nanoparticles, and osmium found no passage assessing B-Os against Os NPs or Pt/C, so our copy does not verify the claimed intrinsic capacity. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Zhu, J., Hu, L., Zhao, P., Lee, L. Y. S., & Wong, K.-Y.
- Affiliations
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CN)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Liangsheng
- Zhao, Pengxiang
- Wong, Kwok-Yin
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-10-28
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 851-918
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2982516344
- Cited by
- 3,133
- References
- 650
- Citations by year
- 2026: 345 · 2025: 522 · 2024: 614 · 2023: 590 · 2022: 547 · 2021: 370 · 2020: 145
- FWCI
- 10.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (2018JY0287)
- Innovation and Technology Commission
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21806099, 21806151)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents (NTF18009)
- Discipline Development Foundation of Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory (XKFZ201505)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Hydrogen Storage and Materials
- Keywords
- electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, hydrogen production, water electrolysis, nanoparticles, noble metal catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts, metal-free catalysts, active site, catalyst morphology, catalyst composition, catalyst preparation, hydrogen economy
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