Trends in the exchange current for hydrogen evolution
Open accessAbstract
A density functional theory database of hydrogen chemisorption energies on close packed surfaces of a number of transition and noble metals is presented. The bond energies are used to understand the trends in the exchange current for hydrogen evolution. A volcano curve is obtained when measured exchange currents are plotted as a function of the calculated hydrogen adsorption energies and a simple kinetic model is developed to understand the origin of the volcano. The volcano curve is also consistent with Pt being the most efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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Platinum and other noble metal-based materials have proved to be the most attractive electrocatalysts for the HER, with high activity and durability in acidic or basic media.
“Platinum and other noble metal-based materials have proved to be the most attractive electrocatalysts for the HER, with high activity and durability in acidic or basic media [4][5][6][7].”
From Hierarchically Ordinated Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets on Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels as Highly Active and Stable Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
The Abstract says Pt-group metals are best for hydrogen evolution, and the Conclusions say Pt is a better electrocatalyst than the other metals studied. The paper supports the high-activity claim, but the cited passages do not establish durability in acidic or basic media; its kinetic model explicitly addresses pH 0, not both media. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn acid solution, the HER pathway can be described as a three-state diagram: H+ + e− as the initial state, H* as the intermediate state, and 1/2 H2 as the final state.
“In acid solution, the HER pathway can be described as a three-state diagram, including H+ + e− as initial state, H* as intermediate state and 1/2 H2 as final state.[50,51]”
From Sub‐1.5 nm Ultrathin CoP Nanosheet Aerogel: Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
Pt is the state-of-the-art catalyst for HER because the Gibbs free energy for adsorbed hydrogen on its active sites is near zero.
“Platinum (Pt) is the state-of-the-art catalyst for HER because the Gibbs free energy for adsorbed hydrogen molecules (ΔGHþ) on its active sites is near zero.[7–9]”
Pt is the most effective catalyst for the HER, as indicated by its low Gibbs free energy (ΔG ∼ 0) or moderate M−H bonding toward H* adsorption.
“Nørskov's theoretical study states that Pt is the most effective catalyst for the HER as indicated by its low Gibbs free energy (ΔG ∼ 0) or moderate M−H bonding toward H* adsorption.”
From Highly Dispersed Pt Clusters on F-Doped Tin(IV) Oxide Aerogel Matrix: An Ultra-Robust Hybrid Catalyst for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
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Wang, K., Li, B., Wei, W., Wang, J., Shen, Q., & Qu, P. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d0nr07111k · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Choi, H., Lee, S., Kim, M.-C., Park, Y., Jang, A.-R., Ahn, W., Sohn, J. I., Park, J. B., Hong, J., & Lee, Y.-W. (2021) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal11020182 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Aerogels-Inspired based Photo and Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen
Al-Hamamre, Z., Karimzadeh, Z., Ji, S., Choi, H., & Maleki, H. (2022) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101670 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Activating MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the As doping and strain
Yang, Y.-Q., Zhao, C.-X., Bai, S.-Y., Wang, C.-P., & Niu, C.-Y. (2019) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2019.06.036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Smiljanić, M., Bele, M., Pavko, L., Hrnjić, A., Ruiz-Zepeda, F., Bijelić, L., Kamšek, A. R., Nuhanović, M., Marsel, A., Gašparič, L., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.164204 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yang, J., Wang, J., Hübner, R., Tao, X., Ren, Y., Zheng, Z., & Liu, W. (2025) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202404684 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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An energy-saving support made of silver nanowire aerogel for hydrogen evolution reaction
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- Authors
- Nørskov, J. K., Bligaard, T., Logadottir, A., Kitchin, J. R., Chen, J. G., Pandelov, S., & Stimming, U.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- University of Delaware (US)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- J23
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022714449
- Cited by
- 6,121
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 677 · 2025: 716 · 2024: 719 · 2023: 640 · 2022: 651 · 2021: 587 · 2020: 527 · 2019: 450 · 2018: 344 · 2017: 220 · 2016: 167 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 15.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Hydrogen Storage and Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
- Keywords
- hydrogen evolution reaction, exchange current density, hydrogen adsorption energy, hydrogen chemisorption, volcano curve, transition metal surfaces, noble metal surfaces, platinum electrocatalysts, hydrogen bond strength, electrocatalysis
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