Molecular Engineered Squaraine Nanoprobe for NIR-II/Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Abstract
Various squaraine dyes have been developed for biological imaging. Nevertheless, squaraine dyes with emission in the second window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have few reports largely due to the short of a simple and universal design strategy. In this contribution, molecular engineering strategy is explored to develop squaraine dyes with NIR-II emission. First, NIR-I squaraine dye SQ2 is constructed by the ethyl-grafted 1,8-naphtholactam as donor units and square acid as acceptor unit in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure. To red-shift the fluorescence emission into NIR-II window, malonitrile, as a forceful electron-withdrawing group, is introduced to strengthen square acid acceptor. As a result, the fluorescence spectrum of acceptor-engineered squaraine dye SQ1 exhibits a significant red-shift into NIR-II window. To translate NIR-II fluorophores SQ1 into effective theranostic agents, fibronectin-targeting SQ1 nanoprobe was constructed and showed excellent NIR-II imaging performance in angiography and tumor imaging, including lung metastatic foci in deep tissue. Furthermore, SQ1 nanoprobe can be used for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of tumors. This research demonstrates that the donor-acceptor engineering strategy is feasible and effective to develop NIR-II squaraine dyes.
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The optical properties of the NIR-squaraine dye SQ2 have been tuned to the SWIR spectral region by adding a malonitrile electron-withdrawing group (e.g., SQ1).
“However, the optical properties of the NIR-squaraine dye SQ2 (benz [cd] indolium capped) constructed by ethyl-grafted 1,8-naphtholactam as donor units and squaric acid as an acceptor has been tuned to the SWIR spectral region by adding a malonitrile electron-withdrawing group (e.g., SQ1).67”
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- Authors
- Yao, D., Wang, Y., Zou, R., Bian, K., Liu, P., Shen, S., Yang, W., Zhang, B., & Wang, D.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- AlbaNova (SE)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Bingbo
- Wang, Dengbin
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-01-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 4276-4284
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W2997170556
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 17
- FWCI
- 7.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2017YFC0109003)
- Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC 22015022)
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (18YF1415600)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371621, 81571742, 81871399, 81901870, 81922035)
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University (K2019-28)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Keywords
- squaraine dyes, NIR-II fluorescence, donor-acceptor-donor structure, molecular engineering, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, metastatic breast cancer, lung metastasis, nanoprobes, angiography, deep tissue imaging, theranostics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Cyclobutanes, Humans, Hyperthermia, Induced, Phenols, Phototherapy, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Mice, Nanoparticles, Photoacoustic Techniques, MCF-7 Cells
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