The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relation of empathy to aggressive and externalizing/antisocial behavior.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors
Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.91 · Cited by 2,672
Self-citationCognitive Social Learning Mediators of Aggression
Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130347 · Cited by 441
The relationship between empathy and aggression in two age groups.
Feshbach, N. D., & Feshbach, S. (1969) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027016 · Cited by 228
Cited by
Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145 · Cited by 3,222
One Hundred Years of Social Psychology Quantitatively Described
Richard, F. D., Bond, C. F., & Stokes-Zoota, J. J. (2003) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.4.331 · Cited by 1,558
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249 · Cited by 1,698
Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger
Blair, R. J. R., Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., & Dolan, R. J. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.883 · Cited by 1,212
Role of Affective Self-Regulatory Efficacy in Diverse Spheres of Psychosocial Functioning
Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00567 · Cited by 1,092
Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2704_2 · Cited by 731
From emotion resonance to empathic understanding: A social developmental neuroscience account
Decety, J., & Meyer, M. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000503 · Cited by 597
An additional antecedent of empathic concern: Valuing the welfare of the person in need.
Batson, C. D., Eklund, J. H., Chermok, V. L., Hoyt, J. L., & Ortiz, B. G. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.65 · Cited by 587
Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12152 · Cited by 535
Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior.
Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Regalia, C. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.125 · Cited by 483
Antisocial personality disorder in abused and neglected children grown up
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.670 · Cited by 383
Cox, C. L., Uddin, L. Q., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Kelly, C. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr051 · Cited by 333
Reduced spontaneous but relatively normal deliberate vicarious representations in psychopathy
Meffert, H., Gazzola, V., den Boer, J. A., Bartels, A. A. J., & Keysers, C. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt190 · Cited by 318
“Only if empathy is a spontaneous response, will you feel empathy in this circumstance, and reduce your violence (Miller and Eisenberg, 1988).”
BackgroundInfluentialHeightened sensitivity to facial expressions of emotion in borderline personality disorder.
Lynch, T. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Kosson, D. S., Cheavens, J. S., Lejuez, C. W., & Blair, R. J. R. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.647 · Cited by 283
Giancola, P. R., Josephs, R. A., Parrott, D. J., & Duke, A. A. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610369467 · Cited by 280
Stern, J. A., & Cassidy, J. (2018) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2017.09.002 · Cited by 222
Social status modulates neural activity in the mentalizing network
Muscatell, K. A., Morelli, S. A., Falk, E. B., Way, B. M., Pfeifer, J. H., Galinsky, A. D., Lieberman, M. D., Dapretto, M., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.080 · Cited by 213
The Role of Empathic Accuracy in Adolescents' Peer Relations and Adjustment
Gleason, K. A., Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Ickes, W. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209336605 · Cited by 180
The relation between empathy and offending: A meta-analysis
van Langen, M. A. M., Wissink, I. B., van Vugt, E. S., Van der Stouwe, T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2014) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.02.003 · Cited by 172
Group morality and intergroup relations: Cross-cultural and experimental evidence
Cohen, T. R., Montoya, R. M., & Insko, C. A. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206291673 · Cited by 163
Moving Narcissus: Can Narcissists Be Empathic?
Hepper, E. G., Hart, C. M., & Sedikides, C. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214535812 · Cited by 152
From painkiller to empathy killer: acetaminophen (paracetamol) reduces empathy for pain
Mischkowski, D., Crocker, J., & Way, B. M. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw057 · Cited by 148
Social cognition in aggressive offenders: impaired empathy, but intact theory of mind
Winter, K., Spengler, S., Bermpohl, F., Singer, T., & Kanske, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00745-0 · Cited by 143
A Structural Equation Analysis of Family Accommodation in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Caporino, N. E., Morgan, J., Beckstead, J., Phares, V., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9549-8 · Cited by 143
Narcissism and empathy in young offenders and non–offenders.
Hepper, E. G., Hart, C. M., Meek, R., Cisek, S., & Sedikides, C. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1939 · Cited by 143
Examining the relationship between low empathy and self‐reported offending
Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2007) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1348/135532506x147413 · Cited by 142
Just a Game? Unjustified Virtual Violence Produces Guilt in Empathetic Players
Hartmann, T., Toz, E., & Brandon, M. (2010) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2010.524912 · Cited by 142
The multiple facets of empathy: a survey of theory and evidence
Leiberg, S., & Anders, S. (2006) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56023-6 · Cited by 134
Cyberbullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct.
Mehari, K. R., Farrell, A. D., & Le, A.-T. H. (2014) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0037521 · Cited by 131
Caprara, G. V., Gerbino, M., Paciello, M., Di Giunta, L., & Pastorelli, C. (2010) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000004 · Cited by 125
Milner, J. S., Halsey, L. B., & Fultz, J. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00035-7 · Cited by 122
Promoting Altruism Through Meditation: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Wallmark, E., Safarzadeh, K., Daukantaitė, D., & Maddux, R. E. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0115-4 · Cited by 118
Preadolescent Clues to Understanding Depression in Girls
Keenan, K., & Hipwell, A. E. (2005) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-005-4750-3 · Cited by 118
A review of the evidence for associations between empathy, violence, and animal cruelty
McPhedran, S. (2009) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2008.07.005 · Cited by 101
Berger, C., Batanova, M., & Cance, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0298-9 · Cited by 100
“Despite controversies surrounding the conceptualization and measurement of empathy (see Jolliffe and Farrington 2006; Miller and Eisenberg 1988), cognitive empathy can refer to the apprehension or understanding of another’s perspective (e.g., perspective taking), while affective empathy can include…”
BackgroundAttitude to Animals and Empathy: Comparing Animal Protection and General Community Samples
Signal, T. D., & Taylor, N. (2007) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/175303707x207918 · Cited by 99
The theoretical and empirical links between bullying behavior and male sexual violence perpetration
Basile, K. C., Espelage, D. L., Rivers, I., McMahon, P. M., & Simon, T. R. (2009) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.06.001 · Cited by 98
Péloquin, K., Lafontaine, M.-F., & Brassard, A. (2011) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407510397988 · Cited by 97
Structural basis of empathy and the domain general region in the anterior insular cortex
Mutschler, I., Reinbold, C., Wankerl, J., Seifritz, E., & Ball, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00177 · Cited by 92
The Confluence Model as an Organizing Framework for Research on Sexually Aggressive Men
Malamuth, N. M. (1998) · Human Aggression · doi:10.1016/b978-012278805-5/50010-9 · Cited by 79
Empathic Differences in Adults as a Function of Childhood and Adult Pet Ownership and Pet Type
Daly, B., & Morton, L. L. (2009) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279309x12538695316383 · Cited by 64
An examination of psychosocial factors associated with malicious online trolling behaviors
Howard, K., Zolnierek, K. H., Critz, K., Dailey, S., & Ceballos, N. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.020 · Cited by 44
Theodoridou, A., Rowe, A. C., & Mohr, C. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00197 · Cited by 40
“Empathy is crucial to successful interpersonal skills and relations (Miller and Eisenberg, 1988; Batson, 1991; Eisenberg et al., 2002).”
BackgroundHartman, C., Hageman, T., Williams, J. H., Mary, J. S., & Ascione, F. R. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516660971 · Cited by 35
Klimecki, O. M., Vuilleumier, P., & Sander, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151028 · Cited by 26
“Another meta-analysis revealed that empathy in general was associated with reduced aggression [25].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, P. A., & Eisenberg, N.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1988
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 324-344
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2071297175
- Cited by
- 973
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.