What can specificity designs say about causality in psychopathology research?

Garber, Judy; Hollon, Steven D.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.129

Cited by 234Mental Health Research TopicsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

What can specificity designs say about causality in psychopathology research?

Garber, Judy, Hollon, Steven D.·1991·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.129

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Abstract

Specificity designs in psychopathology research are used to examine whether a variable is unique to a given disorder. When nonspecificity is observed, it typically is assumed that the variable in question is not a cause of the disorder, but is instead a nonspecific consequence of general psychopathology. Such reasoning is flawed, however, because it fails to distinguish between testing a particular causal model containing the variable versus testing the causal status of the particular variable within the model. A variable may be nonspecific, but still causal, if it is one of several multiple interacting causes or if a nosological error has been made. A recognition of these complexities has implications for the nature of the psychopathology control group selected.

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Although intolerance of uncertainty is more strongly associated with generalized anxiety disorder severity than with other anxiety disorders, accumulating evidence questions its narrow specificity to generalized anxiety disorder.
“Although there is evidence that IU is more strongly associated with GAD severity compared with other anxiety disorders (Dugas et al., 2001), accumulating evidence brings into question IU's narrow specificity (Garber & Hollon, 1991) to GAD.”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders (2013) · cites this paper as Garber & Hollon, 1991
The study's results are consistent with emerging evidence questioning the narrow specificity of IU to GAD.
“When taken as a whole, this study's results are consistent with emerging evidence questioning the “narrow” specificity of IU to GAD (see Garber & Hollon, 1991).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders (2013) · cites this paper as Garber & Hollon, 1991

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Authors: Garber, J., & Hollon, S. D.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
ORCID: Garber, Judy
Hollon, Steven D.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 110
Issue: 1
Pages: 129-136
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.129
OpenAlex: W2024035006
Cited by: 233
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 17.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: non-specificity, causality, psychopathology, causal models, disease classification, control groups
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychopathology, Risk Factors

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