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Does positive affect influence health?
Open accessAbstract
This review highlights consistent patterns in the literature associating positive affect (PA) and physical health. However, it also raises serious conceptual and methodological reservations. Evidence suggests an association of trait PA and lower morbidity and of state and trait PA and decreased symptoms and pain. Trait PA is also associated with increased longevity among older community-dwelling individuals. The literature on PA and surviving serious illness is inconsistent. Experimentally inducing intense bouts of activated state PA triggers short-term rises in physiological arousal and associated (potentially harmful) effects on immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary function. However, arousing effects of state PA are not generally found in naturalistic ambulatory studies in which bouts of PA are typically less intense and often associated with health protective responses. A theoretical framework to guide further study is proposed.
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“Positive psychological states and traits may be associated with greater resilience, a stronger sense of health-related self-efficacy, increased social interactions and social support, and enhanced self-regulation and motivation toward health goals. 22,36”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a positive psychological intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Our analyses adjust for sociodemographic factors, baseline health, health behaviors, and geographic factors: all factors previously linked with health care use.”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“This work is built upon the importance of positive emotion in the maintenance of psychological and physical well-being [11] and evidence that positive emotion is uniquely associated with a lower risk of morbidity and mortality in healthy and chronically ill samples, independent of the effects of negative emotion [12-15].”
In the citing paper
“Positive emotion, when stimulated through skills-based interventions, is thought to influence health outcomes, both directly and through the mediating influence of factors including changing health behaviors, improving physiological functioning, and increasing resources that influence health [15,46].”
In the citing paper
“Optimism and positive affect appear to lead to greater social outreach and perception of social support [76], and people with higher ratings of positive psychological well-being report more social satisfaction [64, 76].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“positive states may improve energy and vitality [64, 79], which can increase health behaviors and lead to better health [80].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Having a positive outlook on life and good self esteem appear to have long-lasting health consequences (Pressman and Cohen, 2005)”
From Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators (2008) · cites this paper as Pressman and Cohen, 2005
In the citing paper
“Having a positive outlook on life and good self-esteem appear to have long-lasting health consequences,120”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [120]
In the citing paper
“Having a positive outlook on life and good self-esteem appear to have long-lasting health consequences,120”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [120]
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The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pressman, S. D., & Cohen, S.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 925-971
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2134176302
- Cited by
- 2,087
- References
- 362
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 143 · 2017: 134 · 2016: 128 · 2015: 122 · 2014: 124 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 128
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL65111, HL65112, P50HL065112, P50HL065111)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- positive affect, trait positive affect, physical health, morbidity, pain, longevity, physiological arousal, immune function, cardiovascular function, lung function
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arousal, Child, Disease, Female, Happiness, Health, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Negativism, Survival Analysis
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