The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data.
Open accessAbstract
Several [corrected] discounting studies have use the R2 measure to identify data [corrected] with poor fits to a mathematical discounting model as nonsystematic data to be eliminated [corrected] Data from three previous delay-discounting studies (six separate groups, with a total of 161 individuals) were used to demonstrate why using R2 to assess the fits of discounting data is problematic. A significant, positive correlation between discounting rate parameter and R2 was found in most groups, showing that R2 is more stringent as a measure of fit for low discounting rates than for high discounting rates. Furthermore, it is suggested that identifying nonsystematic data based on any measure of fit to a mathematical discounting model may be problematic because it confounds discounting rate comparison with the issue of discounting model assessment. Therefore, a model-free method to identify nonsystematic data is needed. An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic data is presented that is based on the expectation of a monotonically decreasing discounting function. This algorithm identified 13 cases out of the 161 reanalyzed data sets as nonsystematic. These nonsystematic data are presented, along with examples of data not identified as nonsystematic. This algorithm, or modifications of it, may be useful in a variety of human and nonhuman animal discounting studies (e.g., delay discounting, probability discounting) as an alternative to the R2 measure for identifying nonsystematic data. The algorithm may be used in empirical investigations to improve discounting methodology, and may be used to identify outliers to be removed from analyses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Data that did not meet validity criteria were treated as missing in analyses.”
From Subtyping cognitive profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder using a Functional Random Forest algorithm (2018) · cites this paper as [76]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review
Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O’Donoghue, T. (2002) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/002205102320161311 · Cited by 6,106
Model Selection and Multimodel Inference
(2003) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2003.s146 · Cited by 5,509
Delay of gratification in children.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2658056 · Cited by 3,397
Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control.
Ainslie, G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076860 · Cited by 2,708
Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation
Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (1992) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2118482 · Cited by 2,305
Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency
Thaler, R. H. (1981) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-1765(81)90067-7 · Cited by 2,282
Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers.
Ratcliff, R. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.510 · Cited by 2,142
Motulsky, H. J., & Christopoulos, A. (2004) · Cited by 1,972
An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement.
Commons, M. L., Mazur, J., Nevin, J. A., & Rachlin, H. C. (1987) · doi:10.4324/9781315825502-11 · Cited by 1,842
Impulsivity and cigarette smoking: delay discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers
Bickel, W. K., Odum, A. L., & Madden, G. J. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/pl00005490 · Cited by 1,433
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026 · Cited by 871
A 5-trial adjusting delay discounting task: Accurate discount rates in less than one minute.
Koffarnus, M. N., & Bickel, W. K. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0035973 · Cited by 411
Self-citationIdentification and management of nonsystematic purchase task data: Toward best practice.
Stein, J. S., Koffarnus, M. N., Snider, S. E., Quisenberry, A. J., & Bickel, W. K. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000020 · Cited by 281
Self-citationPercent body fat is related to delay and probability discounting for food in humans
Rasmussen, E. B., Lawyer, S. R., & Reilly, W. (2009) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.09.001 · Cited by 286
Unstuck in time: episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and cigarette smoking
Stein, J. S., Wilson, A. G., Koffarnus, M. N., Daniel, T. O., Epstein, L. H., & Bickel, W. K. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4410-y · Cited by 267
Self-citationReliability and validity of a demand curve measure of alcohol reinforcement.
Murphy, J. G., MacKillop, J. M., Skidmore, J. R., & Pederson, A. A. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0017684 · Cited by 253
Episodic future thinking: expansion of the temporal window in individuals with alcohol dependence
Snider, S. E., LaConte, S. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2016) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13112 · Cited by 241
Self-citationMyopic Discounting of Future Rewards after Medial Orbitofrontal Damage in Humans
Sellitto, M., Ciaramelli, E., & di Pellegrino, G. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2516-10.2010 · Cited by 237
Bobova, L., Finn, P. R., Rickert, M. E., & Lucas, J. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0014503 · Cited by 203
Johnson, M. W., & Bruner, N. R. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.032 · Cited by 209
Self-citationDelay discounting in current and former marijuana-dependent individuals.
Johnson, M. W., Bickel, W. K., Baker, F., Moore, B. A., Badger, G. J., & Budney, A. J. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0018333 · Cited by 209
Self-citationSubtyping cognitive profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder using a Functional Random Forest algorithm
Feczko, E., Balba, N. M., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Cordova, M., Karalunas, S. L., Irwin, L., Demeter, D. V., Hill, A. P., Langhorst, B. H., Grieser Painter, J., et al. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.044 · Cited by 173
Costa Dias, T. G., Wilson, V. B., Bathula, D. R., Iyer, S. P., Mills, K. L., Thurlow, B. L., Stevens, C. A., Musser, E. D., Carpenter, S. D., Grayson, D. S., et al. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.10.015 · Cited by 180
Sze, Y. Y., Stein, J. S., Bickel, W. K., Paluch, R. A., & Epstein, L. H. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617696511 · Cited by 165
Self-citationMechanical Turk data collection in addiction research: utility, concerns and best practices
Mellis, A. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15032 · Cited by 175
Self-citationDelay discounting of reward in ADHD: application in young children
Wilson, V. B., Mitchell, S. H., Musser, E. D., Schmitt, C. F., & Nigg, J. T. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02347.x · Cited by 158
Hendrickson, K. L., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.002 · Cited by 174
Further evidence of the heterogeneous nature of impulsivity
Caswell, A. J., Bond, R., Duka, T., & Morgan, M. J. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.059 · Cited by 157
Test–retest reliability of a group-administered paper–pencil measure of delay discounting.
Beck, R. C., & Triplett, M. F. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0017078 · Cited by 157
Internet Addiction and Delay Discounting in College Students
Saville, B. K., Gisbert, A., Kopp, J., & Telesco, C. (2010) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395707 · Cited by 150
The Genetics of Impulsivity: Evidence for the Heritability of Delay Discounting
Anokhin, A. P., Grant, J. D., Mulligan, R. C., & Heath, A. C. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.022 · Cited by 150
Characterizing heterogeneity in children with and without ADHD based on reward system connectivity
Costa Dias, T. G., Iyer, S. P., Carpenter, S. D., Cary, R. P., Wilson, V. B., Mitchell, S. H., Nigg, J. T., & Fair, D. A. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.12.005 · Cited by 130
Demand curves for hypothetical cocaine in cocaine-dependent individuals
Bruner, N. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3312-5 · Cited by 136
Self-citationAltering Impulsive Decision Making With an Acceptance-Based Procedure
Morrison, K. L., Madden, G. J., Odum, A. L., Friedel, J. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.01.001 · Cited by 140
Herting, M. M., Schwartz, D., Mitchell, S. H., & Nagel, B. J. (2010) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01244.x · Cited by 122
Dimensions of impulsive behavior in obese, overweight, and healthy-weight adolescents
Fields, S. A., Sabet, M., & Reynolds, B. A. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.089 · Cited by 117
Mitchell, S. H., & Wilson, V. B. (2009) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.09.003 · Cited by 121
Berry, M. S., Sweeney, M. M., Morath, J., Odum, A. L., & Jordan, K. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097915 · Cited by 120
Opportunity costs of reward delays and the discounting of hypothetical money and cigarettes
Johnson, P. S., Herrmann, E. S., & Johnson, M. W. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.110 · Cited by 116
Self-citationJohnson, M. W., Herrmann, E. S., Sweeney, M. M., LeComte, R. S., & Johnson, P. S. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4493-5 · Cited by 109
Self-citationKaralunas, S. L., Gustafsson, H. C., Dieckmann, N. F., Tipsord, J., Mitchell, S. H., & Nigg, J. T. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000292 · Cited by 104
Franck, C. T., Koffarnus, M. N., House, L., & Bickel, W. K. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.128 · Cited by 108
Self-citationDariotis, J. K., & Johnson, M. W. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0038399 · Cited by 108
Self-citationRisk, Reward, and Economic Decision Making in Aging
Roalf, D. R., Mitchell, S. H., Harbaugh, W. T., & Janowsky, J. S. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr099 · Cited by 107
Berry, M. S., Repke, M. A., Nickerson, N. P., Conway, L. G., Odum, A. L., & Jordan, K. E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141030 · Cited by 102
Herrmann, E. S., Hand, D. J., Johnson, M. W., Badger, G. J., & Heil, S. H. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.026 · Cited by 102
Self-citationClinical models of decision making in addiction
Koffarnus, M. N., & Kaplan, B. A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.08.010 · Cited by 99
Rass, O., Schacht, R. L., Buckheit, K. A., Johnson, M. W., Strain, E. C., & Mintzer, M. Z. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.012 · Cited by 108
Self-citationProbability and delay discounting of hypothetical sexual outcomes
Lawyer, S. R., Williams, S. A., Příhodová, T., Rollins, J. D., & Lester, A. C. (2010) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.04.002 · Cited by 96
The influence of episodic foresight on delay discounting and demand for alcohol
Bulley, A., & Gullo, M. J. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.11.003 · Cited by 95
Bailey, A. J., Romeu, R. J., & Finn, P. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721002282 · Cited by 100
Lawyer, S. R., Schoepflin, F. J., Green, R. J., & Jenks, C. W. (2011) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0024141 · Cited by 92
Delaying gratification depends on social trust
Michaelson, L., de la Vega, A. I., Chatham, C. H., & Munakata, Y. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00355 · Cited by 105
Time preference and the importance of saving for retirement
Finke, M. S., & Huston, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.004 · Cited by 92
Skidmore, J. R., & Murphy, J. G. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0021118 · Cited by 92
Effects of selective dopaminergic compounds on a delay-discounting task
Koffarnus, M. N., Newman, A. H., Grundt, P., Rice, K. C., & Woods, J. H. (2011) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283473bcb · Cited by 100
Stein, J. S., Sze, Y. Y., Athamneh, L., Koffarnus, M. N., Epstein, L. H., & Bickel, W. K. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9857-8 · Cited by 91
Self-citationJohnson, M. W., Johnson, P. S., Herrmann, E. S., & Sweeney, M. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128641 · Cited by 92
Self-citationThe effects of the framing of time on delay discounting
DeHart, W. B., & Odum, A. L. (2015) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.125 · Cited by 90
Białaszek, W., Marcowski, P., & Ostaszewski, P. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182353 · Cited by 90
Friedel, J. E., DeHart, W. B., Madden, G. J., & Odum, A. L. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3597-z · Cited by 86
Positive urgency is related to difficulty inhibiting prepotent responses.
Johnson, S. L., Tharp, J. A., Peckham, A. D., Sanchez, A. H., & Carver, C. S. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000182 · Cited by 72
Smokers Report Greater Demand for Alcohol on a Behavioral Economic Purchase Task
Yurasek, A. M., Murphy, J. G., Clawson, A. H., Dennhardt, A. A., & MacKillop, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.626 · Cited by 76
Differential associations between obesity and behavioral measures of impulsivity
Lawyer, S. R., Boomhower, S. R., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.031 · Cited by 73
Stoeckel, L. E., Murdaugh, D. L., Cox, J. E., Cook, E. W., & Weller, R. E. (2012) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9201-4 · Cited by 73
Working Memory Training Improves Alcohol Users’ Episodic Future Thinking: A Rate-Dependent Analysis
Snider, S. E., Deshpande, H. U., Lisinski, J. M., Koffarnus, M. N., LaConte, S. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.002 · Cited by 72
Self-citationAntonini, T. N., Becker, S. P., Tamm, L., & Epstein, J. N. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715000752 · Cited by 88
Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence
Yi, R., & Landes, R. D. (2012) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr252 · Cited by 76
Johnson, M. W., & Bruner, N. R. (2013) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0033071 · Cited by 71
Self-citationValidation of a Novel Delay Discounting of Text Messaging Questionnaire
Reed, D. D., Becirevic, A., Atchley, P., Kaplan, B. A., & Liese, B. S. (2016) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-016-0167-2 · Cited by 69
Discounting: A practical guide to multilevel analysis of indifference data
Young, M. E. (2017) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.265 · Cited by 69
Finn, P., Gunn, R. L., & Gerst, K. R. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614542279 · Cited by 67
Johnson, M. W. (2012) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0027088 · Cited by 67
Self-citationSymptoms of depression and PTSD are associated with elevated alcohol demand
Murphy, J. G., Yurasek, A. M., Dennhardt, A. A., Skidmore, J. R., McDevitt‐Murphy, M. E., MacKillop, J. M., & Martens, M. P. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.022 · Cited by 66
Lawyer, S. R., & Schoepflin, F. J. (2013) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.03.001 · Cited by 71
Long-term test–retest reliability of delayed reward discounting in adolescents
Anokhin, A. P., Golosheykin, S., & Mulligan, R. C. (2015) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.11.008 · Cited by 65
The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591 · Cited by 64
Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis
Hayashi, Y., Russo, C. T., & Wirth, O. (2015) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025 · Cited by 64
Delay Discounting and Preference Reversals by Cigarette Smokers
Yi, R., Matusiewicz, A. K., & Tyson, A. (2016) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-016-0165-4 · Cited by 63
Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity
Bickel, W. K., Lemos, R. F., Tomlinson, D. C., Craft, W. H., Keith, D. R., Athamneh, L. N., Basso, J. C., & Epstein, L. H. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035 · Cited by 68
Self-citationKoffarnus, M. N., & Woods, J. H. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00361.x · Cited by 63
Krmpotich, T., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Sakai, J., Thompson, L., Banich, M. T., & Tanabe, J. (2015) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000129 · Cited by 61
Episodic future thinking reduces temporal discounting in healthy adolescents
Bromberg, U., Lobatcheva, M., & Peters, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188079 · Cited by 64
Athamneh, L. N., Stein, M. D., Lin, E. H., Stein, J. S., Mellis, A. M., Gatchalian, K. M., Epstein, L. H., & Bickel, W. K. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000351 · Cited by 59
Self-citationCiaramelli, E., Luca, F. D., Kwan, D. T., Mok, J., Bianconi, F., Knyagnytska, V., Craver, C. F., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67387 · Cited by 68
Peters, J., Miedl, S. F., & Büchel, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047225 · Cited by 59
Johnson, P. S., Sweeney, M. M., Herrmann, E. S., & Johnson, M. W. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13079 · Cited by 59
Self-citationEffects of delay and probability combinations on discounting in humans
Cox, D. J., & Dallery, J. (2016) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.002 · Cited by 59
Mellis, A. M., Snider, S. E., Deshpande, H. U., LaConte, S. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.010 · Cited by 62
Self-citationTian, M., Tao, R., Zheng, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, G., Li, Q., & Liu, X. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.018 · Cited by 62
Strickland, J. C., Reed, D. D., Hursh, S. R., Schwartz, L. P., Foster, R. N. S., Gelino, B. W., LeComte, R. S., Oda, F. S., Salzer, A. R., Schneider, T. D., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258828 · Cited by 63
Self-citationDifferences in delay discounting between smokers and nonsmokers remain when both rewards are delayed
Mitchell, S. H., & Wilson, V. B. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2521-z · Cited by 54
Delay Discounting, Glycemic Regulation and Health Behaviors in Adults with Prediabetes
Epstein, L. H., Paluch, R. A., Stein, J. S., Quattrin, T., Mastrandrea, L. D., Bree, K. A., Sze, Y. Y., Greenawald, M. H., Biondolillo, M. J., & Bickel, W. K. (2020) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2020.1712581 · Cited by 57
Self-citationHendrickson, K. L., Rasmussen, E. B., & Lawyer, S. R. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.015 · Cited by 57
Delay discounting by depressed and non-depressed adolescent smokers and non-smokers
Imhoff, S., Harris, M., Weiser, J., & Reynolds, B. A. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.014 · Cited by 57
Epstein, L. H., Jankowiak, N., Lin, H. C., Paluch, R. A., Koffarnus, M. N., & Bickel, W. K. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.079772 · Cited by 52
Self-citationKaplan, B. A., Reed, D. D., & Jarmolowicz, D. (2016) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.277 · Cited by 45
Discounting: A practical guide to multilevel analysis of choice data
Young, M. E. (2018) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.316 · Cited by 53
Delay discounting and task performance consistency in patients with schizophrenia
Weller, R. E., Avsar, K. B., Cox, J. E., Reid, M. A., White, D. M., & Lahti, A. C. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.013 · Cited by 54
Comparing hyperbolic, delay-amount sensitivity and present-bias models of delay discounting
Mitchell, S. H., Wilson, V. B., & Karalunas, S. L. (2015) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.006 · Cited by 50
Reed, D. D., Naudé, G. P., Gelino, B. W., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.011 · Cited by 48
Athamneh, L. N., Brown, J. M., Stein, J. S., Gatchalian, K. M., LaConte, S. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000460 · Cited by 53
Self-citationIncreased Delay Discounting on a Novel Real-Time Task among Girls, but not Boys, with ADHD
Rosch, K. S., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715001071 · Cited by 52
Sexual discounting: A systematic review of discounting processes and sexual behavior.
Johnson, M. W., Strickland, J. C., Herrmann, E. S., Dolan, S. B., Cox, D. J., & Berry, M. S. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000402 · Cited by 50
Self-citationHerrmann, E. S., Johnson, P. S., & Johnson, M. W. (2015) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1107-x · Cited by 48
Self-citationThe future and me: Imagining the future and the future self in adolescent decision making
Mccue, R., McCormack, T., McElnay, J., Alto, A., & Feeney, A. (2019) · Cognitive development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.04.001 · Cited by 47
The Prevention and Treatment of Gambling Disorders: Some Art, Some Science
Derevensky, J. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.024 · Cited by 45
Cortisol reactivity, delay discounting and percent body fat in Chinese urban young adolescents
Lu, Q., Tao, F., Hou, F., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Xu, Y., Xu, S., & Zhao, Y. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.019 · Cited by 49
The discounting model selector: Statistical software for delay discounting applications
Gilroy, S. P., Franck, C. T., & Hantula, D. A. (2017) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.257 · Cited by 46
Considering the Overlap and Nonoverlap of Compulsivity, Impulsivity, and Addiction
Blum, A. W., & Grant, J. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.038 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 264-274
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- PMC
- PMC2765051
- OpenAlex
- W2092110116
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2008-08-25)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA 11692; T32 DA07242)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- delay discounting, discount rate, model fit assessment, outlier detection, probability discounting
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Behavior, Humans, Motivation, Reinforcement, Psychology, Smoking, Time Factors, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
