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An interdisciplinary meta-analysis of the potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences of protégé perceptions of mentoring
Abstract
This meta-analysis summarized youth, academic, and workplace research on the potential antecedents (demographics, human capital, and relationship attributes), correlates (interaction frequency, relationship length, performance, motivation, and social capital), and consequences (attitudinal, behavioral, career-related, and health-related outcomes) of protégé perceptions of instrumental support, psychosocial support, and relationship quality to the mentor or to the relationship. A total of 173 meta-analytic correlations were computed based on data from 173 samples and a combined N of 40,737. Among antecedents, positive protégé perceptions were most strongly associated with greater similarity in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality with their mentors (ρ ranged from .38 to .59). Among correlates, protégé perceptions of greater instrumental support (ρ = .35) and relationship quality (ρ = .54) were most strongly associated with social capital while protégé perceptions of greater psychosocial support were most strongly associated with interaction frequency (ρ = .25). Among consequences, protégé perceptions of greater instrumental support (ρ = .36) and relationship quality (ρ = .38) were most strongly associated with situational satisfaction while protégé perceptions of psychosocial support were most highly associated with sense of affiliation (ρ = .41). Comparisons between academic and workplace mentoring generally revealed differences in magnitude, rather than direction, of the obtained effects. The results should be interpreted in light of the methodological limitations (primarily cross-sectional designs and single-source data) and, in some instances, a small number of primary studies.
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“Quality mentorship can provide students with instrumental and psychosocial support and relationship satisfaction (22–24), which is positively related to science self-efficacy, scientific identity, and value orientation in URE participants (12).”
From Gains in Scientific Identity, Scientific Self-Efficacy, and Career Intent Distinguish Upper-Level CUREs from Traditional Experiences in the Classroom (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“in Eby et al.’s [174] meta-analysis, which summarized youth, academic, and workplace research on potential mentoring antecedents, mentees’ perceived similarity with their mentors in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality was associated with overall mentoring satisfaction and instrumental and psychological support.”
From Unpacking Community-Based Youth Mentoring Relationships: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [174]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the positive finding for the quality of the natural mentoring relationship is consistent with a meta‐analysis on mentoring relationships in general (i.e., where no distinction was made between formal and natural relationships), which showed that high‐quality relationships were associated with more support and improved youth outcomes (Eby et al., 2013).”
From Does Natural Mentoring Matter? A Multilevel Meta‐analysis on the Association Between Natural Mentoring and Youth Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as Eby et al., 2013
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Positive Relationships in Action
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The effects of similarity and liking in formal relationships between mentors and protégés
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Early Career Outcomes of Graduate Employees: the Effect of Mentoring and Ingratiation*
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Natural Mentoring Relationships
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The Blackwell Handbook of Mentoring
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Self-citationA Race and Gender-Group Analysis of the Early Career Experience of MBAs
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Upward Maintenance Tactics in Supervisory Mentoring and Nonmentoring Relationships
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Peer-Mentoring Freshmen: Implications for Satisfaction, Commitment, and Retention to Graduation
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Mentor Reactions to Proteges: An Experiment with Managers
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Gender and Mentoring Relationships: A Review and Research Agenda for the Next Decade
Ragins, B. R. (2012) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231365.n18 · Cited by 143
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Mentoring and irrationality: The role of racial taboos
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Mentoring relationships from early adolescence through emerging adulthood: A qualitative analysis
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Getting Mentored in Graduate School
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Socialization of new teachers: Does induction matter?
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The mentor-youth alliance: The role of mentoring relationships in promoting youth competence
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Dimensions of same-gender student-faculty role-model relationships
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Formal Mentoring Programs: A Mentor-Centric and Longitudinal Analysis
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The mediating influence of role stressors in the relationship between mentoring and job attitudes
Lankau, M. J., Carlson, D. S., & Nielson, T. R. (2005) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.06.001 · Cited by 120
Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Mentoring Relationships
Sánchez, B., & Colón, Y. (2005) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976664.n13 · Cited by 117
Stone Center Relational Cultural Theory: A Window on Relational Mentoring
Fletcher, J. K., & Ragins, B. R. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976619.n15 · Cited by 116
Orpen, C. (1997) · The Learning Organization · doi:10.1108/09696479710160906 · Cited by 115
Waters, L. E., McCabe, M. P., Kiellerup, D., & Kiellerup, S. (2002) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1016252301072 · Cited by 114
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Who gets a mentor? A longitudinal assessment of the rising star hypothesis
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Mentees’ Perceptions of Their Interpersonal Relationships: The Role of the Mentor—Youth Bond
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Hirsch, B. J., Mickus, M. A., & Boerger, R. (2002) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1014689129369 · Cited by 98
Correlates of career‐oriented mentoring for early career managers and professionals
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Mentoring Interventions to Affect Juvenile Delinquency and Associated Problems
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Self-citationWaters, L. E. (2004) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.004 · Cited by 96
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Gender in Mentoring Relationships
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Graduate education in psychology: Past, present, and future.
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Cross‐Cultural Mentoring in Counselor Education: A Strategy for Retaining Minority Faculty
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Women's perceptions of organizational culture, work attitudes, and role-modeling behaviors
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Mentoring—A Relationship Based on Trust: Qualitative Research
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Understanding How Youth and Elders Form Relationships: A Study of Four Linking Lifetimes Programs
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The Effects of Mentoring on Employees' Career Success
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Self-citationUnfinished Business: The Impact of Race on Understanding Mentoring Relationships
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Strength of Subordinates’ Upward Influence Tactics and Gender Congruency Effects1
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The Blackwell Handbook of Mentoring
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Jones, R. J., Woods, S. A., & Guillaume, Y. R. F. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12119 · Cited by 614
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The Contemporary Career: A Work–Home Perspective
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#Trending topics in careers: a review and future research agenda
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Metadata
- Authors
- Eby, L. T. D. T., Allen, T. D., Hoffman, B. J., Baranik, L. E., Sauer, J. B., Baldwin, S., Morrison, M. A., Kinkade, K. M., Maher, C. P., Curtis, S., & Evans, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 441-476
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2120324166
- Cited by
- 604
- References
- 283
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Mentoring and Academic Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- mentoring, mentor-protégé relationships, instrumental support, psychosocial support, relationship quality, social capital, career development, workplace mentoring, academic mentorship, interaction frequency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Mentors, Motivation, Personality, Schools, Social Perception, Students, Workplace
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