The DOI matches its Crossref record; 240 of the 241 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 46 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research.
Open accessAbstract
Over the past decade, the interpersonal theory of suicide has contributed to substantial advances in the scientific and clinical understanding of suicide and related conditions. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal desire emerges when individuals experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and near-lethal or lethal suicidal behavior occurs in the presence of suicidal desire and capability for suicide. A growing number of studies have tested these posited pathways in various samples; however, these findings have yet to be evaluated meta-analytically. This paper aimed to (a) conduct a systematic review of the unpublished and published, peer-reviewed literature examining the relationship between interpersonal theory constructs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, (b) conduct meta-analyses testing the interpersonal theory hypotheses, and (c) evaluate the influence of various moderators on these relationships. Four electronic bibliographic databases were searched through the end of March, 2016: PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Hypothesis-driven meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted using 122 distinct unpublished and published samples. Findings supported the interpersonal theory: the interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation; and the interaction between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and…
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Claims the paper makes
148 Own result · 28 Own method · 28 Own interpretation · 22 No basis given · 11 Sources not found · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Not checked yet · 1 Supported so far
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the interaction between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide was significantly related to a greater number of prior suicide attempts”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alternative configurations of theory variables were similarly useful for predicting suicide risk as theory-consistent pathways.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, effect sizes for these interactions were modest.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Capability for suicide was not related to suicide risk (r = 0.09, p = 0.083; k = 17; N = 6,760)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
plainn = 6,760- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and suicide risk (r = 0.42, p < 0.001; k = 23; N = 9,002)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
plaincorrelationaln = 9,002 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“40% of studies examining capability for suicide and suicide attempts reported significant results;”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Capability for suicide was significantly and weakly related to suicidal ideation (r = 0.10, p = 0.020; k = 29; N = 9,782)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
plaincorrelationaln = 9,782 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post hoc, we noted that the magnitude of the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicide-related variables was greater than that between thwarted belongingness and suicide-related variables.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A review of the reported findings of the cross-sectional studies revealed the following: 54.3% of studies examining thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors reported significant results;”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 66
- It may state two separate claims as one. 61
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Implicit measurement of suicide-related constructs (e.g., through reaction time-based tasks) may be an effective strategy to circumvent these concerns”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nock & Banaji, 2007 source
- Supportedcites Nock et al., 2010 source
The Abstract says people considering suicide are often unwilling to report their intentions and that implicit-cognition measures may help detect behaviors unlikely to be reported. It also describes the implicit association test used in the study. This supports the hedged claim that implicit measurement may help circumvent disclosure concerns. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With articles using redundant datasets treated as one sample, 122 samples (114 articles) were analyzed.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Study Selection
plainn = 122- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many studies were conducted in undergraduate students (44.0%) and community-dwelling adults (33.6%); 22.4% of studies examined clinical populations.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies primarily targeted young adults, with the average age of participants ranging from 18–25 years (48.3%), and adults over 25 years of age (48.9%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 143 samples, the majority was cross-sectional (92.3%), published between 2011 and 2015 (91.6%), and conducted in the U.S. and Canada (83.9%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plainn = 143- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Military samples were used in 16.8% of the studies.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies primarily targeted young adults, with the average age of participants ranging from 18–25 years (48.3%), and adults over 25 years of age (48.9%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, post hoc two-tailed tests of differences between dependent correlations indicated that suicidal ideation (z = 26.26, p < 0.001), suicide risk (z = 10.19, p < 0.001), and suicide attempt history (z = 16.21, p < 0.001) all exhibited significantly stronger relationships with perceived burdensomeness than with thwarted belongingness.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately half were conducted using web-based methodologies (46.2%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On average, the percentage of males in the sample was less than half (mean = 44.6%) and the percentage of White/Caucasian participants was over half (mean = 63.4%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many studies were conducted in undergraduate students (44.0%) and community-dwelling adults (33.6%); 22.4% of studies examined clinical populations.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only four studies examined youth under the age of 18 years (2.8%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The INQ was not used in five samples and the ACSS was not used in three samples—these studies used proxies drawn from multiple measures (e.g., Christensen et al., 2013), the Perceived Burdensomeness Scale (Peak et al., 2016), and the Acquired Capability With Rehearsal for Suicide Scale (George et al., 2016).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
What the sources say
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, given that this manuscript’s senior author was a coauthor on 26 of the published articles (i.e., 21.3% of samples), we examined whether his authorship moderated our meta-analytic results (described in detail above) as another metric of potential bias.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Publication bias
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many studies were conducted in undergraduate students (44.0%) and community-dwelling adults (33.6%); 22.4% of studies examined clinical populations.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 143 samples, the majority was cross-sectional (92.3%), published between 2011 and 2015 (91.6%), and conducted in the U.S. and Canada (83.9%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plainn = 143- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On average, the percentage of males in the sample was less than half (mean = 44.6%) and the percentage of White/Caucasian participants was over half (mean = 63.4%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 54 models tested, 9 were conducted with fewer than 6 samples, and 8 were conducted with 6 to 8 samples.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Meta-analytic Models
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, sample sizes ranged from 30 to 6,133, with the majority ranging from 100–399 (59.4%).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven samples completed a non-English-language version of the INQ and/or the ACSS; languages included Chinese, German, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This yielded a total of 143 samples (from 130 articles) with a total N of 59,698 (see Tables 3 to 12 for the n [sample size] and k [number of samples] in each model).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Study Selection
plainn = 143- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“of the 143 samples in this meta-analysis, published effect sizes were obtained from 10.5% of the samples (n = 15) and unpublished effect sizes were obtained from 89.5% of the samples (n = 128).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plainn = 143- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the I2 values remained significant (I2 > 96.7%), indicating that these moderators did not account for a substantial portion of variance.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“greater perceived burdensomeness and more severe suicidal ideation (r = 0.48), greater suicide risk (r = 0.42), and (continuous) suicide attempt history (r = 0.25)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Trim and fill statistics and funnel plots could not be generated for two models (i.e., Table 8).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Funnel plot asymmetry was found in 44.4% of the models that tested the main hypotheses of the interpersonal theory (8 of 18 models), with a moderate number of missing studies (mean = 3.25, SD = 2.43, range = 1 to 8, mode = 2; Tables 6 and 7).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the interaction between the three theory constructs was significantly associated with a greater number of suicide attempts (measured continuously, and when continuous and dichotomous attempts were collapsed) and suicide risk, beyond main and two-way interaction effects; however, effect sizes were, again, small (rs = 0.06–0.11)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Impact factors were discernable for 120 of the included studies; the mean impact factor was 2.26 (SD = 1.13; range = 0.56–7.43).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Journal Impact Factors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all three models, published effect sizes were larger than the unpublished effect sizes and meta-analyses based on the unpublished effect sizes yielded non-significant results”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Greater capability for suicide was significantly related to suicide attempts and ideation, albeit the effects were weak2 (rs = 0.09–0.10) and capability was not a significant correlate of suicide risk alone.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of note, in the main interpersonal theory models, the I2 values remained significant, suggesting that these moderators did not account for a substantial amount of variance in suicidal thoughts and behaviors.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Univariate analyses revealed significant weak-to-moderate positive relationships between (1) greater thwarted belongingness and more severe suicidal ideation (r = 0.37), greater suicide risk (r = 0.33), and (continuous) suicide attempt history (r = 0.11)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Q-test was not significant (0.03) and the I2 value (< 0.001) indicated that variability may be due to chance rather than heterogeneity.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing Alternative Pathways Between the Interpersonal Theory Variables
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, for all these moderators, I2 values remained significant, suggesting that these moderators did not account for a large portion of variance.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No publication bias was indicated for the models testing the specific predictions of the interpersonal theory, including: (1) the effect of the interaction of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness on suicidal ideation, the full model (ET = 3.36 [95% CI = 1.36,5.36], p = 0.101) and the interaction (ET = 0.22 [95% CI = −1.19,1.62], p = 0.757); (2) the effect of the three-way”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for the meta-analysis testing the association between the interaction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and capability for suicide and continuous attempt history (interaction only model; Table 7), the funnel plot was moderately asymmetrical, with trim and fill analysis indicating that 6 effect sizes below the mean were missing.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Publication status emerged as a significant moderator in three of the tested meta-analytic models—(1) the relationship between capability for suicide and (continuous) attempt history (b = 0.14, SE = 0.07; z = 2.07, r = 0.97, p = 0.038; I2 = 93.3%); (2) the effect of the interaction between capability for suicide and perceived burdensomeness on continuous and dichotomous suicide attempt history (b”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“only two versions of the ACSS have been validated and published (Ribeiro et al., 2014; Van Orden, Witte, Gordon, Bender, & Joiner, 2008); however, at least five versions of the ACSS were used to measure capability for suicide (4-, 5-, 7-, 13-, and 20-item versions).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ribeiro et al., 2014 source
- Not matchedcites Van Orden, Witte, Gordon, Bender, & Joiner, 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whether the senior author of this paper was involved in a project generally did not moderate findings; this variable only emerged as a significant moderator in three (< 9%) of 34 tested models.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most of our models evidenced no effect of publication bias adjustments on general conclusions, supporting our findings’ robustness.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Across included studies, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness exhibited a weaker relationship with suicide ideation and risk in studies in military samples and samples with a greater percentage of males, as well as in studies that did not use web-based methodologies.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While this systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the propositions of the interpersonal theory of suicide largely stand up to empirical scrutiny, these suicide risk correlates demonstrated only modest-at-best clinical significance”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Franklin et al., 2017 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“results suggested that publication bias likely occurred in those testing the (1) relationship between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, (2) interaction effect of capability for suicide and perceived burdensomeness on (continuous) attempt history; (3) interaction effect between capability for suicide and thwarted belongingness on suicide risk; and (4) three-way interaction effect”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the I2 value remained significant for each of the models in which the moderator was significant, suggesting that the moderation effect did not account for a significant amount of variance in our outcome variable, and any significant effect observed may have been due to Type I error.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The theory was designed to explain the occurrence of lethal or near-lethal suicidal behaviors, but the extant literature has overwhelmingly neglected to test this hypothesis.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant moderators emerged in some of the tested models; however, overall, I2 values remained significant, suggesting that these factors do not account for a substantial amount of variance in suicidal outcomes.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the literature has primarily focused on the experience of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness broadly, rather than their perceived intractability.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our review revealed few prospective studies (6.9%), with most studies (93.1%) employing a cross-sectional study design.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“theory-consistent effects outpaced those of alternative pathways in some instances, though the differences were small.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the two-way interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness was an even stronger predictor of continuous suicide attempts (r = 0.20) and of both dichotomous and continuous attempts when collapsed (r = 0.09).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In two of the three cases, effects were stronger in studies including this author, and in the last case, the meta-analytic effect was weaker with the author’s inclusion.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“five versions of the INQ (10-, 12-, 15-, 18-, and 25-item versions) were utilized to measure thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our review revealed several gaps in the literature that require further empirical investigation.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, keywords were entered into four electronic databases: PubMed, Medline (Proquest), PsycINFO, and Web of Science.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Search for Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We excluded studies that assessed the interpersonal theory constructs using single-item proxies.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Excluded Studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies that used translated versions of the INQ/ACSS and/or newly developed measures assessing the interpersonal theory constructs with evidence for the construct validity of these measures (e.g., at least a moderate correlation with the INQ, r > 0.40) were all included.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Inclusion Criteria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each article was independently coded by two different authors.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Data Extraction and Management
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each of the remaining 153 references, two authors independently read each full-text manuscript to assess whether it met criteria for inclusion.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three authors (CC, IAH, MAH) independently conducted an initial screening of the titles and abstracts for all identified studies to determine their relevance to this study”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Disagreements were resolved through discussion and consultation with a separate author (RPT).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we attempted to contact 75 authors of 123 studies (many were authors of multiple studies) that did not report effect sizes between the interpersonal theory and suicide-related constructs”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Data Extraction and Management
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, 24 individuals with documented suicide research experience and who have previously published data regarding theoretical models of suicidal behavior were contacted to determine if any studies were missed by our searches.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Search for Studies
plainn = 24- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Agreement between the three raters regarding study inclusion was good (κ = 0.77).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“We also manually searched the reference lists of relevant manuscripts, including the recent systematic review of the interpersonal theory (Ma et al., 2016).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Search for Studies
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ma et al., 2016
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inter-rater reliability for the entering of study descriptive statistics and effect sizes across these articles was good to excellent (κ = 0.83–0.99).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Data Extraction and Management
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, the ACSS has been primarily administered in English.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Predictors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a random effects model, a study is weighted based on its own population, not sample size, providing a more balanced assignment of weights (Borenstein, Hedges & Rothstein, 2007).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Borenstein, Hedges & Rothstein, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We examined the significance of the chi-square Q statistic to determine whether there was substantial heterogeneity of effect sizes; a significant Q-value rejects the null that studies are homogeneous and indicates the presence of substantial heterogeneity.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, caution is warranted when interpreting findings based on relatively few samples.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Meta-analytic Models
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all included samples, Pearson’s correlations (r) and/or regression R-squared (R2) values were reported in the manuscript or we requested the raw data from the authors and calculated the necessary effect sizes directly.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Meta-Analytic Approach
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Suicide risk (c.f. suicide proneness) was evaluated using measures that assess both suicidal ideation and behavior and do not distinguish between these outcomes, a limitation that we discuss in the Discussion.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These latter two pathways reverse the interpersonal theory’s two main predictions, in that the interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness is expected by the theory to predict ideation more so than attempts, whereas the interaction between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and capability is posited to predict attempts more so than ideation.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Meta-Analytic Approach
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the INQ remains the mostly commonly utilized measure of these constructs and has demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including convergent validity (Van Orden et al., 2008).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Predictors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Van Orden et al., 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the full dataset was unavailable, we used the effect sizes from the study with the largest sample size to diminish redundancy.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Data Extraction and Management
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The INQ was created and validated as an English-language measure; however, several groups have translated the INQ into other languages, including Spanish (Garza & Pettit, 2010), German (Forkmann & Glaesmer, 2013; Hallensleben et al., 2016), Chinese (Zhang et al., 2013), French (Baertschi et al., 2017; Siefert-Boukaidi, Jover, Staccini, Pringuey, & Benoit, 2013), Portuguese (Campos & Holden, 2015),”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Predictors
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the interpersonal theory includes a prediction about the perceived intractability of feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, the INQ does not directly assess hopelessness about these feelings.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Hopelessness
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, both published and unpublished data were included.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Inclusion Criteria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not all samples included all the interpersonal theory variables and/or multiple suicide-related variables (i.e., ideation, risk, attempts); thus, sample sizes varied for each meta-analytic model.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, only one study has created a new measure of interpersonal needs; however, this measure only assesses perceived burdensomeness (Perceived Burdensomeness Scale; Peak et al., 2016).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Predictors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peak et al., 2016 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, according to the theory, capability is only relevant to (lethal) behavior in the context of suicidal desire variables.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An important point is that the theory is silent regarding these alternative pathways (H5, H6, H8, H9), though it is reasonable to expect that the pathways specifically predicted by the theory may be more supported than the alternative pathways, at least somewhat.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Meta-Analytic Approach
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Capability for suicide was assessed primarily using the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Predictors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although the Q-value provides evidence that the true (between) effects vary, it does not evaluate the degree of between-study dispersion (Borenstein et al., 2007); thus, we also evaluated the I-squared (I2) index.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Borenstein et al., 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That the three-way interaction did not correlate with dichotomous suicide attempt history may reflect diminished outcome variance and power to detect significant effects.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although moderate effect sizes were generally observed for the full models, the interaction effect sizes (exclusive of lower-order variables) were relatively weak, ranging from small to moderate.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, these findings are largely consistent with the theory, revealing expected significant associations between interpersonal theory constructs and suicide-related outcomes.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This dearth of studies is understandable—suicide is a low base-rate event and amassing datasets of the psychological states of suicide decedents represents a considerable challenge.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings signal that, on average, studies were published in journals for which articles published in the past two years were cited an average of 2.26 times, demonstrating a degree of impact on subsequent research.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Journal Impact Factors
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these results do not necessarily imply that the theory is incorrect or incapable of predicting suicide deaths.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In two separate meta-analyses, the odds ratios for most risk and protective factors ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 (i.e., rs ~ 0.26–0.57; Franklin et al., 2017) and few exceeded 3.0 (r ~ 0.64; Large et al., 2011).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we were unable to reach all authors (i.e., 66 of 73 contacted authors responded with relevant data) and we did not obtain unpublished data from other sources. As such, publication bias is possible.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we were unable to reach the authors of 8.13% of the studies requiring additional data, which may have influenced the accuracy of our findings.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is unclear which version of the INQ offers the greatest utility, particularly among high-risk samples.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reduction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide may reduce likelihood for death by suicide, but the use of these constructs as the sole clinical predictors of suicide is not currently supported by empirical data.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“individuals may still be reluctant to disclose this sensitive information due to stigma concerns”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anestis & Green, 2015 source
- Not matchedcites Corrigan & Watson, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hom, Stanley, Podlogar, & Joiner, 2017b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the inclusion of theory constructs in these predictive algorithms may enhance their accuracy, but cannot yet be solely relied upon.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“only studies published in English were included in our review, and perhaps, as a result, the vast majority of included studies were conducted in the U.S. Thus, included studies demonstrated a strong North American bias, reducing generalizability to other regions and cultures.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“utilized a conservative data analytic approach (Borenstein et al., 2007)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Borenstein et al., 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the relative dearth of studies establishing these measures’ factor structures across populations is concerning and prevents discernment of what may account for observed study findings.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we vigorously pursued study authors to obtain data not reported within their manuscripts”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“each bivariate correlation included in our meta-analysis was double-entered prior to analysis to reduce data entry errors.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the majority of the included effect sizes were unpublished, which mitigates these concerns, we were nonetheless unable to determine the extent to which publication bias influenced the accuracy of our results.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that individually, perceived burdensomeness may be a more important contributor to suicidal behavior; however, in the context of capability for suicide, thwarted belongingness may play a greater role.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the weaker association between thwarted belongingness and suicide risk in military samples may also reflect an underreporting of suicidal symptoms”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anestis & Green, 2015 source
- Not matchedcites Ribeiro et al., 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employed a rigorous and thorough search strategy to identify relevant peer-reviewed papers”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Though the interpersonal theory may illuminate which individuals are likely to die by suicide, the theory is less specific regarding when such self-harm may occur.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this review adjusted for the use of different measures of suicide ideation and attempts and incorporated studies using a non-specific suicide measure (i.e., assessing suicide risk).”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the lack of significant moderation effects may have been due to the restricted range of effect sizes and insufficient power given the heterogeneity of study settings”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ma et al., [2016]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the relatively small effect sizes yielded by this meta-analysis may be due to imprecise testing of the theory’s propositions.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our results may not represent other populations of interest, particularly individuals at elevated risk for suicide death.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“individuals may be more willing to report their feelings of social isolation or perception of being a burden than suicidal ideation”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Podlogar et al., 2015 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“capability for suicide likely has a genetic component”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Smith et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due to heterogeneity of studies included in the meta-analysis may have produced underinflated effects.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Strengths and Limitations of the Current Review and Meta-Analysis
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The constructs of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are unidimensional and multifaceted.
“Each of these constructs is conceptualized as unidimensional and multifaceted.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The INQ does not measure hopelessness about perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness.
“which does not measure hopelessness about perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness”
The paper relies on this without support.
Suicide attempt history is often not normally distributed, especially in community samples.
“Suicide attempt history is often not normally distributed, especially in community samples.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are multifaceted, and the INQ captures only one facet of each.
“thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are multifaceted and the INQ only captures one facet of each.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Online protocols provide participants with greater privacy.
“online protocols may provide participants with greater privacy”
The paper relies on this without support.
Suicide risk measures such as the SBQ-R do not distinguish between suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors.
“suicide risk measures (e.g., SBQ-R) do not delineate between suicidal ideation and behaviors”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Conversely, feeling a burden [51], having little or no social support [52] and depleted resilience [53] will each increase the likelihood that entrapment will be translated into suicidal ideation/intent”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This theory is supported by several empirical studies linking thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to greater suicide risk (for a systematic review and meta-analysis, see Chu et al., 2017). Notably, however, these studies yielded small-to-moderate effects (Chu et al., 2017; Joiner et al., 2009).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Chu et al., 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A recent metaanalysis yielded clear support for the perceived burdensomeness -suicidal thoughts relationship whereas the evidence for thwarted belongingness was less strong (Chu et al., 2017).”
From Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as Chu et al., 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses of two important theoretical models, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior (19) and the Integrative Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior (20, 21), show results that are consistent with the theories. The effects are, however, comparatively small (22, 23) and do not exceed the predictive power found in the other meta-analyses described above.”
From Suicide risk assessment: clinical implications of the unpredictability of suicidal behavior (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the IMV model proposes that the components of the acquired capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and increased physical pain tolerance [12,51]) are VMs”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“in many studies, moderation e ff ects are often much smaller then pairwise e ff ects (Chu et al., 2017; Haslbeck, Borsboom, & Waldorp, 2018).”
From Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as Chu et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Although measures of acquired capability were only weakly associated with suicide attempt history in a recent meta-analysis (Chu et al., 2017)”
From From ideation to action: Differentiating between those who think about suicide and those who attempt suicide in a national study of young adults (2018) · cites this paper as Chu et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“a construct that the interpersonal theory of suicide theorizes develops in part through exposure to painful and provocative experiences and is necessary but not sufficient for suicidal behaviors (Chu et al., 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010)”
From Occupational stress and suicidality among firefighters: Examining the buffering role of distress tolerance (2018) · cites this paper as Chu et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Among leading suicide theories, the ITS has received the most empirical attention (and, by extension, support; see Chu et al. 2017)”
From Life stress and suicide in adolescents (2019) · cites this paper as Chu et al. 2017
In the citing paper
“The most frequently measured predictor variables included contextual factors (incl. location, activity, social company), affect, and constructs from the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide [IPTS: hopelessness, burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (91)]. Protective factors, such as coping and social support, were less frequently assessed.”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“While this seems surprising, it is consistent with other studies [9,10].”
From The association of trait impulsivity and suicidal ideation and its fluctuation in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Existing research indicates that worry is one of the core repetitive negative thinking (RNT) patterns in psychiatric disorders connected to suicide [ 84 ], which links to suicidal ideation and attempts (i.e., feeling hopeless, burdensome) [ 85 ].”
From Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Youth Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Network Analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentz = 26.26reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“(z = 26.26, p < .001”
- Consistentz = 10.19reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“(z = 10.19, p < .001”
- Consistentz = 16.21reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“(z = 16.21, p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
“That we did not find any significant moderators for the models testing the theory’s main hypotheses suggests that the theory is robust to variations in study population and characteristics.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
“The full model testing the relationship between the interaction of thwarted belongingness with perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation was significantly stronger in samples with a smaller percentage of males (b = −0.002, SE = 0.0009; z = −2.65, r = −0.99, p = 0.008; I2 = 89.8%).”
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
“full model (ET = 3.36 [95% CI = 1.36,5.36], p = 0.101)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Investigating Possible Publication Bias
“No publication bias was indicated for the models testing the specific predictions of the interpersonal theory”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Study Selection
“A flowchart describing the study inclusion selection process is presented in Figure 1.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
“Figure 2 depicts the study selection process.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“b = 0.05, SE = 0.002; z = 2.03, r = 0.97, p = 0.042, I2 = 84.4%”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Reported 2.03 · recomputed 25
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
“Of the 143 samples, the majority was cross-sectional (92.3%)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Limitations and Directions for Future Research from the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory
“Our review revealed few prospective studies (6.9%), with most studies (93.1%) employing a cross-sectional study design.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
“However, our meta-analytic findings suggest this approach did not yield significant effects—albeit here too, we were underpowered.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
“The interaction between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness accounted for a significant amount of the variance in suicidal ideation (r = 0.15, p = 0.014; k = 3; N = 740)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“an additional 17 were excluded after the entire article was coded and we were unable to obtain missing data. This yielded a total of 143 samples (from 130 articles)”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Study Selection
Reported 130 · recomputed 136
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Support, Albeit Mixed, for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Hypotheses
“Rather, all studies included in this review utilized the INQ, which does not measure hopelessness about perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Sample Characteristics
“The INQ was not used in five samples and the ACSS was not used in three samples”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Study Selection
“This process resulted in 382 potentially relevant reports.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Study Selection
“A total of 382 titles and abstracts were examined; 229 were excluded after reviewing the title and abstract”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Discussion > Moderator Effects
“That we did not find any significant moderators for the models testing the theory’s main hypotheses suggests that the theory is robust to variations in study population and characteristics.”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
“Beyond lower-order factors, the interaction effect was stronger among samples with a lower proportion of White/Caucasian participants (b = −0.001, SE = 0.0005; z = −2.39, r = −0.98, p = 0.017; I2 = 72.3%) and studies using non-English-language measures of the interpersonal theory variables (b = 0.10, SE = 0.05; z = 2.21, r = 0.98, p = 0.027, I2 = 73.0%).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“b = 0.05, SE = 0.002; z = 2.03, r = 0.97, p = 0.042”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Characteristics Moderating the Relationship Between the Interpersonal Theory and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Reported 2.03 · recomputed 25
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Method > Analytic plan
“I2 = (Q − df/Q) * 100”
§ The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Cross-National Research > Results > Testing the Direct Relationship between the Interpersonal Theory Variables and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
“the Q-test was significant (3515.1), and the I2 value (97.3%) indicated that a large degree of variability was due to heterogeneity rather than chance.”
Citations
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Cited by
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“The effect of the interaction appeared to be small, which is in line with meta-analytic evidence from cross-sectional studies showing that the effect of the two-way interaction between PB and TB is relatively weak in comparison to the mostly moderately sized main effects of PB and TB [18].”
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“Thus, we examined whether the presence/absence of FSU affiliation of the first author moderated results; this approach is similar to that of Chu et al. (2017) and Starr and Davila (2008).”
Self-citationExploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis.
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“A recent metaanalysis yielded clear support for the perceived burdensomeness–suicidal thoughts relationship whereas the evidence for thwarted belongingness was less strong (Chu et al., 2017).”
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“Furthermore, we draw on the interpersonal theory of suicide 30,31 as an additional framework, which suggests that feeling like a burden or disconnected from others can lead to suicidal desire, and that repeated pain or fear-inducing experiences can lead to suicidal behaviour.”
Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research
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“However, the effect sizes for these interactions were modest (Chu et al., 2017).”
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“…are consistent with theory and research highlighting the relevance of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to suicide risk (e.g., Chu et al., 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010), and suggest that these may be important factors to target in the context of focused interventions aimed at…”
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Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., Arango, A., & King, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12974 · Cited by 130
“IPTS proposes that the combination of these two factors leads to suicidal desire, which has been supported by previous research among adults and teens (Chu et al., 2017; Opperman, Czyz, Gipson, & King, 2015; Stewart, Eaddy, Horton, Hughes, & Kennard, 2017).”
ResultLife lacks meaning without acceptance: Ostracism triggers suicidal thoughts.
Chen, Z., Poon, K., DeWall, C. N., & Jiang, T. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000238 · Cited by 137
The Lancet Commission on self-harm
Moran, P., Chandler, A., Dudgeon, P., Kirtley, O. J., Knipe, D. W., Pirkis, J., Sinyor, M., Allister, R., Ansloos, J. P., Ball, M. A., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01121-8 · Cited by 143
Alcohol use and death by suicide: A meta‐analysis of 33 studies
Isaacs, J. Y., Smith, M. M., Sherry, S., Seno, M., Moore, M., & Stewart, S. H. (2022) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12846 · Cited by 117
ACEs and mental health outcomes
Sheffler, J., Stanley, I. H., & Sachs‐Ericsson, N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816065-7.00004-5 · Cited by 138
Self-citationSalgado, T. A., Monteiro, G. M. C., Marcon, G., Roza, T. H., Zimerman, A., Hoffmann, M. S., Cao, B., Hauck, S., Brunoni, A. R., & Passos, I. C. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.044 · Cited by 103
“Chu and colleagues conducted meta-analyses with 122 distinct published and unpublished samples and the findings supported the interpersonal theory: the interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (Chu et al., 2017).”
ResultRepetitive negative thinking and suicide: a burgeoning literature with need for further exploration
Law, K. C., & Tucker, R. P. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.027 · Cited by 100
Self-citationPelton, M., Crawford, H., Robertson, A., Rodgers, J., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Cassidy, S. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04393-8 · Cited by 119
“2014) with a meta-analysis of 58 studies finding that the interaction of perceived burden and thwarted belonging added unique variance in suicidal ideation beyond the main effects of each construct (Chu et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialImplications of culture of honor theory and research for practitioners and prevention researchers.
Gül, P., Cross, S. E., & Üskül, A. K. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000653 · Cited by 97
Allen, J., Wexler, L., & Rasmus, S. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-021-01265-0 · Cited by 93
Preventing suicide in rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Monteith, L. L., Holliday, R., Brown, T. L., Brenner, L. A., & Mohatt, N. V. (2021) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12448 · Cited by 62
“First and foremost, interpersonal factors are wellestablished risk factors for suicide, including social isolation,(5,6) loneliness,(6) lack of belonging,(7) and perceived burdensomeness.(7,8) Residents of rural communities are more likely to experience social isolation, relative to those living in urban communities.”
BackgroundHigh-impact teaching practices foster a greater sense of belonging in the college classroom
Kirby, L. A. J., & Thomas, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2021.1950659 · Cited by 103
“…anxiety, social anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation), when they do not experience belongingness or perceive they are being socially rejected (Chu et al. 2017; Martin, Richman, and Leary 2018; Moeller, Seehuus, and Peisch 2020; Raymond and Sheppard 2018; Stebleton, Soria, and Huesman 2014).”
BackgroundFulginiti, A., Goldbach, J. T., Mamey, M. R., Rusow, J. A., Srivastava, A., Rhoades, H., Schrager, S. M., Bond, D., & Marshal, M. P. (2020) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12623 · Cited by 96
The emperor’s new clothes? A critical look at the interpersonal theory of suicide
Hjelmeland, H., & Knizek, B. L. (2019) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2018.1527796 · Cited by 85
““If so,” they say, “this would conceptually complicate matters” (Chu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWork and suicide: An interdisciplinary systematic literature review
Howard, M. C., Follmer, K. B., Smith, M. B., Tucker, R. P., & Zandt, E. C. V. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2519 · Cited by 96
“ness, perceived burdensomeness, and hopelessness related to these interpersonal concerns (Chu et al., 2017; Tucker et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBourne, T., Shah, H., Falconieri, N., Timmerman, D., Lees, C. C., Wright, A., Lumsden, M. A., Regan, L., & CALSTER, B. V. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030968 · Cited by 81
Schafer, K. M., Duffy, M. E., Kennedy, G. A., Stentz, L. A., Leon, J., Herrerias, G., Fulcher, S., & Joiner, T. E. (2021) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2021.1976544 · Cited by 83
“effects, thus we employed random effects consistent with previous meta-analyses (Chu et al., 2017; Franklin et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPfeiffer, P. N., King, C. A., Ilgen, M. A., Ganoczy, D. A., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K. M., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B. K., et al. (2018) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000257 · Cited by 78
“A recent meta-analysis also demonstrated a significant association between the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide domain of thwarted belongingness (a form of impaired social support) and both suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts (Chu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundNiu, G., He, J., Lin, S., Sun, X., & Longobardi, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124368 · Cited by 83
“For example, they may feel scared and helpless, have low levels of social efficacy, and possess little control over social interaction (especially interpersonal adversity) [17,49].”
BackgroundLinks between self-injury and suicidality in autism
Moseley, R. L., Gregory, N. J., Smith, P., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8 · Cited by 76
Crasta, D., Daks, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.003 · Cited by 72
Ernst, M., Klein, E. M., Beutel, M. E., & Brähler, E. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.085 · Cited by 84
Gambling-related suicides and suicidality: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Marionneau, V., & Nikkinen, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.980303 · Cited by 77
Rogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000373 · Cited by 79
Self-citationStanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Smith, L. J., Tran, J. K., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.058 · Cited by 67
“through exposure to painful and provocative experiences and is necessary but not sufficient for suicidal behaviors (Chu et al., 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010).”
Self-citationEnglish, D., Boone, C. A., Carter, J. A., Talan, A. J., Busby, D. R., Moody, R. L., Cunningham, D. J., Bowleg, L., & Rendina, H. J. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12726 · Cited by 68
The opioid system and the social brain: implications for depression and suicide
Lutz, P., Courtet, P., & Calati, R. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24269 · Cited by 53
“Furthermore, according to Joiner’s interpersonal theory, suicide is linked to both the desire and capability to die by suicide (Chu et al. 2017; Van Orden et al. 2010),”
BackgroundMethodFinancial Well-Being in the United States: The Roles of Financial Literacy and Financial Stress
Zhang, Y., & Chatterjee, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15054505 · Cited by 69
Rath, D., de Beurs, D., Hallensleben, N., Spangenberg, L., Glaesmer, H., & Forkmann, T. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100292 · Cited by 66
Hadzic, A., Spangenberg, L., Hallensleben, N., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., Strauß, M., Kersting, A., & Glaesmer, H. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152158 · Cited by 64
Cao, Q., Xu, X., Xiang, H., Yang, Y., Peng, P., & Xu, S. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104848 · Cited by 68
Linguistic features of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review
Homan, S., Gabi, M., Klee, N., Bachmann, S., Moser, A.-M., Duri', M., Michel, S., Bertram, A.-M., Maatz, A., Seiler, G., et al. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102161 · Cited by 73
Cramer, R. J., Rasmussen, S. A., & Tucker, R. P. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112550 · Cited by 64
Self-citationPsychological Correlates of Self-Harm within Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual UK University Students
Taylor, P. J., Dhingra, K., Dickson, J. M., & McDermott, E. (2018) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1515136 · Cited by 67
Early maladaptive schemas, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A meta-analytic review
Pilkington, P. D., Younan, R., & Bishop, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100051 · Cited by 72
“This fits with the notion that individuals exposed to painful and traumatic events (e.g., physical abuse) experience less fear of death and physical pain, which in turn increases their capability for suicide ( Chu et al., 2017 ).”
InfluentialWang, Y.-R., Sun, J., Lin, P., Zhang, H.-H., Mu, G.-X., & Cao, F. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104183 · Cited by 70
A Brief Measure of Unbearable Psychache
Pachkowski, M. C., May, A. M., Tsai, M. V., & Klonsky, E. D. (2019) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12556 · Cited by 60
The Interpersonal and Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 on Risk for Late-Life Suicide
Sheffler, J., Joiner, T. E., & Sachs‐Ericsson, N. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa103 · Cited by 59
Self-citationSpangenberg, L., Glaesmer, H., Hallensleben, N., Rath, D., & Forkmann, T. (2019) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12547 · Cited by 57
Lived Experiences of Suicide Risk and Resilience among Alaska Native and American Indian People
Shaw, J. L., Beans, J. A., Comtois, K. A., & Hiratsuka, V. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16203953 · Cited by 58
“In perceived burdensomeness, the individual views their death as being more valuable to others than their life [46].”
BackgroundRogers, M. L., Gallyer, A. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.031 · Cited by 69
Self-citationHill, R. M., Kaplow, J. B., Oosterhoff, B. J., & Layne, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22731 · Cited by 58
“This finding is consistent with a recent meta‐analysis (Chu et al., 2017) as well as with IPTS generally (Joiner, 2005; Van Orden et al., 2010), though not all studies have found an interaction (Cero, Zuromski, Witte, Ribeiro, & Joiner, 2015; Christensen, Batterham, Soubelet, & Mackinnon, 2013;…”
ResultSouza, K., Sosu, E. M., Thomson, S., & Rasmussen, S. (2024) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2024.2336013 · Cited by 56
“Recent research on suicide has highlighted that suicidal behaviours are likely in fl uenced by interrelationships between hundreds of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors (Chu et al., 2017; Levi-Belz et al., 2019; O ’ Connor & Nock, 2014).”
The use of advanced technology and statistical methods to predict and prevent suicide
Kleiman, E. M., Glenn, C. R., & Liu, R. T. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00175-y · Cited by 65
“Arguably, the theory that has been tested the most using EMA is the interpersonal theory of suicide 63 , which hypothesizes that the desire to die by suicide is the result of believing that one is a burden to others and does not belong to a social group, and hopelessness that this situation will…”
Leiva, M. G., Puente-Martínez, A., Landa, S. U., Castro, J. L. G., & Páez, D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093174 · Cited by 66
“’s [74] meta–analysis posits that the interaction between frustrated belonging and the perceived burden was significantly associated with suicidal ideation; and that the interaction between frustrated belonging, perceived burden and suicide capacity was significantly related to a greater number of previous suicide att…”
BackgroundThe Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire: Statistical Considerations for Improved Clinical Application
Mitchell, S. M., Brown, S. L., Roush, J. F., Tucker, R. P., Cukrowicz, K. C., & Joiner, T. E. (2019) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118824660 · Cited by 54
“Although the interaction between TB and PB was not significant in Mitchell et al. (2017), the interaction was significant in meta-analytic research (Chu et al., 2017a).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationÉpidémie de COVID-19 et prise en charge des conduites suicidaires : challenge et perspectives
Conejero, I., Berrouiguet, S., Ducasse, D., Leboyer, M., Jardon, V., Olié, É., & Courtet, P. (2020) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.001 · Cited by 53
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: State of the Science
Robison, M., Udupa, N. S., Rice, T. B., Wilson, E., Joiner, T. E., & Rogers, M. L. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.008 · Cited by 67
Self-citationSuicide capability within the ideation-to-action framework: A systematic scoping review
Bayliss, L. T., Christensen, S. A., Lamont‐Mills, A., & du Plessis, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276070 · Cited by 66
“Only four studies looked at more than one contributor despite various calls [7, 18, 19, 21] for research to advance beyond single factor studies.”
BackgroundInfluentialCOVID-19, Mental Health, and Suicide Risk Among Health Care Workers
Reger, M. A., Piccirillo, M. L., & Buchman‐Schmitt, J. M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20com13381 · Cited by 52
Self-citationChu, C., Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Gai, A. R., Nock, M. K., Gutierrez, P. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000262 · Cited by 55
Self-citationKeum, B. T., Wong, M. J., & Salim‐Eissa, R. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221089536 · Cited by 53
“According to the IPTS, the desire for suicide arises from feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness that is further motivated by a sense of hopelessness and a capability for suicide (Chu et al., 2017; Joiner, 2007).”
BackgroundMonteith, L. L., Holliday, R. P., Schneider, A. L., Forster, J. E., & Bahraini, N. H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.038 · Cited by 52
Interpersonal theory of suicide: prospective examination
Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Paashaus, L., Rath, D., Schönfelder, A., Stengler, K., Juckel, G., Assion, H., & Teismann, T. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.93 · Cited by 52
Barzilay, S., Apter, A., Snir, A., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., Hadlaczky, G., Balázs, J., Keresztény, Á., Brunner, R. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13119 · Cited by 54
Massing‐Schaffer, M., & Nesi, J. L. (2019) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-019-00116-y · Cited by 53
Dow, D., Morgan, L., Hooker, J. L., Michaels, M. S., Joiner, T. E., Woods, J. J., & Wetherby, A. M. (2019) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2019.1678537 · Cited by 52
“…suicidal ideation, there was not sufficient power to test the interaction between burdensomeness and belongingness in predicting current suicidal ideation, which is specifically predicted by the theory (Van Orden et al., 2010) and has been supported across a range of studies (Chu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDo suicide attempters and suicide ideators differ in capability for suicide?
Paashaus, L., Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Juckel, G., Rath, D., Schönfelder, A., Engel, P., & Teismann, T. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.038 · Cited by 47
Rogers, M. L., Chu, C., & Joiner, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22743 · Cited by 47
“Each of these constructs has accumulated support as a correlate of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (see Chu et al., 2017, for metaanalysis).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRoeder, K. M., & Cole, D. A. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12508 · Cited by 47
“An expanded review revealed crosssectional support for the role of PB, TB, and their interaction, although the authors noted that the magnitude of the TB 9 PB interaction is relatively weak (Chu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe differences between suicide ideators and suicide attempters: simple, complicated, or complex
Huang, X., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000498 · Cited by 50
Follmer, K. B., & Follmer, D. J. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.12.002 · Cited by 47
Short, N. A., Stentz, L. A., Raines, A. M., Boffa, J. W., & Schmidt, N. B. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.01.004 · Cited by 52
Prevalence and Risk-Markers of Self-Harm in Autistic Children and Adults
Licence, L., Oliver, C., Moss, J., & Richards, C. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04260-1 · Cited by 45
“The addition of acquired capability to this may consequently result in a suicide attempt (Chu et al. 2017).”
Brown, S. L., Mitchell, S. M., Roush, J. F., La Rosa, N. L., & Cukrowicz, K. C. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.009 · Cited by 44
Levi‐Belz, Y., & Aisenberg-Shafran, D. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.006 · Cited by 50
Suicide in Transgender Veterans: Prevalence, Prevention, and Implications of Current Policy
Tucker, R. P. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618812680 · Cited by 50
Self-citationMarraccini, M. E., Griffin, D. C., O’Neill, J. C., Martinez, R. R., Chin, A. J., Toole, E. N., Grapin, S. L., & Naser, S. C. (2021) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2020.1871305 · Cited by 59
Sohn, M. N., Dimitropoulos, G., Ramirez, A., McPherson, C., Anderson, A., Munir, A., Patten, S. B., McGirr, A., & Devoe, D. J. A. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23880 · Cited by 50
Barzilay, S., Schuck, A., Bloch‐Elkouby, S., Yaseen, Z. S., Hawes, M. T., Rosenfield, P., Foster, A. E., & GALYNKER, I. I. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22973 · Cited by 44
DeShong, H. L., & Tucker, R. P. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.097 · Cited by 41
Self-citationJoiner, T., Jeon, M. E., Lieberman, A., Janakiraman, R., Duffy, M., Gai, A. R., & Dougherty, S. P. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106453 · Cited by 38
Self-citationWildland firefighters and suicide risk: Examining the role of social disconnectedness
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Gai, A. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.017 · Cited by 42
Self-citationSkala Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten (SSEV)
Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Juckel, G., & Cwik, J. C. (2021) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000269 · Cited by 48
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Schönfelder, A., Hallensleben, N., Spangenberg, L., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., & Glaesmer, H. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.063 · Cited by 41
Fong, T. C. T., Ho, R., & Yip, P. S. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138755 · Cited by 42
Gong, R., Zhang, Y., Long, R., Zhu, R., Li, S., Liu, X., Wang, S., & Cai, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168614 · Cited by 47
“Given that the unmet interpersonal needs are a result of unfulfilled social competence and belonging needs [16,17], it has been reported to be bound up with loneliness, which emerges when there is a discrepancy between desired and real social relations [18], and depression.”
BackgroundSuicide attempts in chronically depressed individuals: What are the risk factors?
Ernst, M., Kallenbach, L., Kaufhold, J., Negele, A., Bahrke, U., Hautzinger, M., Beutel, M. E., & Leuzinger‐Bohleber, M. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112481 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Rogers, M. L., Podlogar, M. C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F. B., Michaels, M. S., Patros, C. H. G., & Joiner, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1313-1345
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC5730496
- OpenAlex
- W2766751125
- Cited by
- 1,231
- References
- 241
- Citations by year
- 2026: 159 · 2025: 230 · 2024: 172 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 11.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (acceptedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH093311-04)
- Military Suicide Research Consortium (W81XWH-10-2-0181, W81XWH-16-2-0003)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- interpersonal theory of suicide, suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, previous suicide attempts, suicide risk, suicidal behavior
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Models, Psychological, Psychological Theory, Suicide, Internationality, Suicidal Ideation
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