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Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
Open accessAbstract
The neural processes underlying empathy are a subject of intense interest within the social neurosciences. However, very little is known about how brain empathic responses are modulated by the affective link between individuals. We show here that empathic responses are modulated by learned preferences, a result consistent with economic models of social preferences. We engaged male and female volunteers in an economic game, in which two confederates played fairly or unfairly, and then measured brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while these same volunteers observed the confederates receiving pain. Both sexes exhibited empathy-related activation in pain-related brain areas (fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortices) towards fair players. However, these empathy-related responses were significantly reduced in males when observing an unfair person receiving pain. This effect was accompanied by increased activation in reward-related areas, correlated with an expressed desire for revenge. We conclude that in men (at least) empathic responses are shaped by valuation of other people's social behaviour, such that they empathize with fair opponents while favouring the physical punishment of unfair opponents, a finding that echoes recent evidence for altruistic punishment.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Empathic brain responses to another person’s pain are shaped by perceived fairness: participants showed pain-related empathy in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortices toward fair players, but men showed reduced empathic responses and increased reward-related activity when an unfair player received pain. The authors conclude that, at least in men, empathy is modulated by social valuation, with unfair opponents’ pain potentially linked to reward and revenge.
Key findings
- After a sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma game, both male and female subjects rated the fair player as significantly more fair, agreeable, likeable, and attractive than the unfair player (scale range 2 to 22; P < 0.001).
- Both sexes showed empathy-related activation in pain-related brain areas, including bilateral anterior insula/fronto-insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, when observing a fair player in pain; ACC activation was significant in women ([9, 18, 27]; P < 0.001 uncorrected, P < 0.05 whole-brain corrected) but borderline in men ([29, 39, 27]; P = 0.001 uncorrected).
- Men showed significantly enhanced bilateral fronto-insular activation when observing fair compared with unfair players in pain, whereas women showed no significant difference in empathy-related pain regions for fair versus unfair players.
- In men, but not women, observing an unfair player receiving pain increased activation in left ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens and left orbito-frontal cortex; men also expressed a stronger desire for revenge than women (t(30) = 2.40, P < 0.05), and men with stronger revenge desire showed greater nucleus accumbens activation for unfair versus fair player pain.
Methods
- Subjects were 16 men and 16 women; four professional actors (two female, two male) served as confederates. Subjects played a sequential iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game in which confederates reciprocated fairly or unfairly, inducing liking or disliking.
- In an empathy-for-pain fMRI task, subjects observed cues indicating that they, the fair player, or the unfair player would receive low or high electrical stimulation; each 12-s trial included a cue followed after 6 s by a circle indicating stimulation onset.
- fMRI data were acquired on a 1.5-T Siemens Sonata scanner and analyzed in SPM2 using an event-related model with a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design (pain vs no pain; self, fair, unfair; male vs female subject), random-effects group analyses, conjunction/masking, and regression analyses; results are reported at P < 0.005 uncorrected in a priori regions of interest.
Limitations
- The paper states that further experiments are needed to confirm the gender specificity of the effect.
- The paper notes that the experimental design may have favoured men because the punishment modality involved physical threat rather than psychological or financial threat; alternatively, the findings could indicate a predominant role for males in maintaining justice and punishing norm violation.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (32 subjects), several key results are reported at uncorrected thresholds within a priori regions of interest, and the gender analysis is binary and based on male/female subject groups.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women this reduction in activity was very small, whereas in men the knowledge that an unfair player was in receipt of pain elicited no increase in empathic activity in FI.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
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In the paper
“And indeed, formal analysis revealed no significant difference for women when comparing painful trials for fair versus unfair players in empathy-related pain regions.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, men showed significantly enhanced activation in bilateral FI when observing fair compared with unfair players in pain (Supplementary Tables 8 and 11).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed pain-related empathic responses in both genders in bilateral AI extending into FI and brainstem when seeing an unfamiliar but likeable person in pain (Fig. 2a, b).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Furthermore, we extended previous findings10 by showing that men, as well as women, who scored higher on standard empathy scales22 had higher empathy-related brain activity in ACC and AI/FI (Supplementary Fig. 2).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Davis, M. A. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Cat. Selected Docs Psychol. 10, 85 (1980)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The comparison of brain activity associated with painful and non-painful trials in the ‘self’ condition for men and women revealed an expected increase in the ‘pain network’, including activity in AI and ACC (Supplementary Tables 2 and 3).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 8
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The activation in ACC was significant in women ([9, 18, 27]; P , 0.001 uncorrected, P , 0.05 whole-brain corrected) but was borderline in men ([29, 39, 27]; P 1/4 0.001 uncorrected; Supplementary Tables 4 and 5; coordinates refer to the peak of activations in MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) space).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with this finding, supplementary analysis showed that women but not men displayed significant activation in bilateral AI/FI and ACC in all three conditions (Supplementary Tables 7 and 10).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The perception–action model of empathy states that the observation or imagination of another person in a particular emotional state automatically activates a representation of that state in the observer1.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Preston, S. D. & de-Waal, F. B. M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav. Brain Sci. 25, 1–72 (2002) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These results suggest that our ability to empathize relies on neuronal systems that underpin our own bodily and emotional states1,2,10,13.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Preston, S. D. & de-Waal, F. B. M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav. Brain Sci. 25, 1–72 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Gallese, V., Keysers, C. & Rizzolatti, G. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 396–403 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Craig, A. D. Human feelings: why are some more aware than others? Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 239–241 (2004) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the two confederates were always of the same sex, all four possible gender combinations between the sex of the subject and the sex of the confederates were used equally often throughout the study.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Empathy for pain model
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These theories4,7 suggest that people value the gains of others positively if they are perceived to behave fairly, but value others' gains negatively if they behave unfairly.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Rabin, M. Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics. Am. Econ. Rev. 83, 1281–1302 (1993)
- Not checked yetcites [7] Fehr, E. & Schmidt, K. M. A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Q. J. Econ. 114, 817–868 (1999) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After scanning, subjects completed a standard empathy scale22 and were asked to rate the intensity of the low and high stimulation, their liking for the two confederates, and their desire for revenge on the two confederates (see Fig. 1b, Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 3).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Post-scan questionnaires
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Davis, M. A. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Cat. Selected Docs Psychol. 10, 85 (1980)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that in men (at least) empathic responses are shaped by valuation of other people's social behaviour, such that they empathize with fair opponents while favouring the physical punishment of unfair opponents, a finding that echoes recent evidence for altruistic punishment.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This pattern of preferences implies that people like cooperating with fair opponents but also like punishing unfair opponents.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, studies on empathy for pain have found that the activation observed in anterior insula/fronto-insular cortex (AI/FI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to pain in oneself is also seen when observing pain in someone else10,12.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Morrison, I., Lloyd, D., di Pellegrino, G. & Roberts, N. Vicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: is empathy a multisensory issue? Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 270–278 (2004) source
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In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 1c, cues (coloured arrows) were presented in random order indicating whether she/he (self condition), the fair player (fair condition) or the unfair player (unfair condition) would get low stimulation (no pain condition) or high stimulation (pain condition).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It has been shown that people reward others for cooperative behaviour but punish violations of social fairness even at a personal cost15,16, an effect likely to be mediated by neural mechanisms that provide intrinsic motivation (that is, satisfaction) from punishing violators21.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Fehr, E. & Gachter, S. Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415, 137–140 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Fehr, E. & Fischbacher, U. The nature of human altruism. Nature 425, 785–791 (2003) source
- Not checked yetcites [21] de Quervain, D. J. et al. The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 305, 1254–1258 (2004) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Recent imaging studies provide evidence for common activation elicited when experiencing disgust8, touch9 or pain10-12 in oneself, and when perceiving the same feelings in others.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wicker, B. et al. Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40, 655–664 (2003) source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Keysers, C. et al. A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch. Neuron 42, 335–346 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Jackson, P. L., Meltzoff, A. N. & Decety, J. How do we perceive the pain of others: A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. Neuroimage 3, 771–779 (2005) source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Morrison, I., Lloyd, D., di Pellegrino, G. & Roberts, N. Vicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: is empathy a multisensory issue? Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 270–278 (2004) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We report results at P < 0.005 uncorrected for multiple comparisons in the a priori regions of interest.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Image acquisition and analysis
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings indicate that cooperation nourishes this link, but selfish behaviour that is detrimental to others effectively compromises this link (at least with males), such that empathic responses in the brain are diminished or abolished.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“These findings are consistent with the different functions associated with distinct regions of the striatum: afferent projections to dorsal striatum are thought to be crucial for learning correct actions so as to maximize reward, whereas projections to ventral striatum, including nucleus accumbens, have a key function in reward prediction and pavlovian learning18-20,23,24.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Cardinal, R. N., Parkinson, J. A., Hall, J. & Everitt, B. J. Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 26, 321–352 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [19] O'Doherty, J. et al. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304, 452–454 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [20] Schultz, W. Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 1, 199–207 (2000) source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Dayan, P. & Balleine, B. W. Reward, motivation, and reinforcement learning. Neuron 36, 285–298 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Montague, P. R., Hyman, S. E. & Cohen, J. D. Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control. Nature 431, 760–767 (2004) source
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In the paper
“The position (left or right) of the actor (fair or unfair) was counterbalanced across subjects.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Empathy for pain model
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The modulation of empathic neural responses by the social relations between individuals is unknown.
“However, it is unclear whether or how these responses are modulated by the social relations between individuals.”
Claims other papers make about this one
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The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“males and females have been shown to use different strategies in emotion paradigms”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While it is not clear to what extent early interoceptive signals are prone to modulation, it has been shown that all parts of insula (posterior, mid and anterior) as well as cACC may be regulated by top-down systems during processing of bottom-up interoceptive input (Atlas and Wager, 2014) and processing of top-down induced activation in the interoceptive stream (Singer et al., 2006; Rutgen et al.”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“That is, in male participants, ventral striatum activity increases when passively seeing partner, who has previously acted unfairly, incur pain 98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“In certain conditions, ventral striatum activity appears related to seeing others receive a deserved misfortune.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“The striatum displays signals that are related to making a decision to punish someone for acting unfairly 96, 97, as well as related to observing a punishment meted out to someone who has acted unfairly 98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the level of ventral striatum activation is related to male participants’ desire for revenge against the unfair partner98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“As gender differences in social emotions were observed in previous neuroscientific research (e.g.Singer et al., 2006), we decided to control for possible gender effects by restricting our sample to female participants only.”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Citations
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BackgroundEmpathic Neural Responses Predict Group Allegiance
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Vaes, J., Meconi, F., Sessa, P., & Olechowski, M. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.004 · Cited by 36
“A reduced affective link with the target (Singer et al., 2006) or outgroup membership, for example, elicit less empathic responses when these targets are in pain (Avenanti et al., 2010; Sessa et al., 2014; Sheng and Han, 2012; Xu et al., 2009).”
BackgroundKeysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-479-7_1 · Cited by 33
Down-modulation of mu-activity through empathic top-down processes
Hoenen, M., Schain, C., & Pause, B. M. (2013) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.833550 · Cited by 29
“For example, the activation of shared representations of pain is modulated by additional interpersonal information about the observed person, such as perceived fairness (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEvolution and Neural Representation of Mammalian Cooperative Behavior
Jiang, M., Wang, M., Shi, Q., Lei, W. I., Lin, Y., Wu, D. M., Liu, B., Nie, X., Qiao, H., Xu, L., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110029 · Cited by 33
Customers’ attitudes toward insurance frauds: an application of Adams’ equity theory
Tseng, L., & Kuo, C.-L. (2014) · International Journal of Social Economics · doi:10.1108/ijse-08-2012-0142 · Cited by 36
Faust, H. S. (2008) · Metamedicine · doi:10.1007/s11017-008-9089-6 · Cited by 32
“It is conceivable that we will find haplotypes that indicate a higher probability of a child’s choosing the right path in a moral quandary, or growing up to be more empathic [12].”
BackgroundSpatiotemporal Brain Dynamics of Empathy for Pain and Happiness in Friendship
Wang, Y., Song, J., Guo, F., Zhang, Z., Yuan, S., & Cacioppo, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00045 · Cited by 32
Krautheim, J. T., Dannlowski, U., Steines, M., Neziroğlu, G., Acosta, H., Sommer, J. B., Straube, B., & Kircher, T. T. J. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.048 · Cited by 32
Sympathetic pain? A role of poor parasympathetic nervous system engagement in vicarious pain states
Nazarewicz, J., Verdejo‐García, A., & Giummarra, M. J. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12516 · Cited by 32
Neural dynamics of social tie formation in economic decision-making
Bault, N., Pelloux, B., Fahrenfort, J. J., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van Winden, F. A. A. M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu138 · Cited by 33
“Notably, the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is implicated in response to cooperative partners (Singer et al. , 2006), friends and loved ones (Bartels and Zeki, 2000), while the medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in making trait judgments of close friends (Heatherton et al. ,…”
BackgroundInfluentialBiosensor Approach to Psychopathology Classification
Koshelev, M., Lohrenz, T. M., Vannucci, M., & Montague, P. R. (2010) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000966 · Cited by 31
“The fact that brain images have helped in the analysis of human behavior in fairness games [2–8] makes us believe that our diagnoses can be further refined by using the corresponding brain imaging data.”
The Neurobiology of Cooperation and Altruism
Rilling, J. K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9520-9_17 · Cited by 33
NEUROSCIENCE OF MUSIC AND EMOTION
Kreutz, G., & Lotze, M. (2007) · Cited by 31
IS MY FEELING YOUR PAIN BAD FOR OTHERS? EMPATHY AS VIRTUE VERSUS EMPATHY AS FIXED TRAIT
Peterson, G. R. (2017) · Zygon® · doi:10.1111/zygo.12330 · Cited by 32
The Social Brain and the Myth of Empathy
Young, A. (2012) · Science in Context · doi:10.1017/s0269889712000129 · Cited by 32
“…were simply asked to describe their own feelings while deciding to punish unfair participants (for additional research relating to empathic cruelty, see Fehr and Camerer 2007; Fliessbach et al. 2007; Knoch et al. 2006; Lanzetta and Englis 1989; Shamay-Tsoory et al. 2009; Singer et al. 2006).”
BackgroundBlair, J., & Fowler, K. A. (2008) · International Journal of Developmental Science · doi:10.3233/dev-2008-2308 · Cited by 32
Ogawa, A., Ueshima, A., Inukai, K., & Kameda, T. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31308-6 · Cited by 33
Changes in brain activity following the voluntary control of empathy
Jimenez, K. C. B., Abdelgabar, A. R., Angelis, L. D., McKay, L. S., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116529 · Cited by 34
“…as automatic, albeit occurring to varying extent depending on individual differences in trait empathy (e.g. Jabbi et al., 2007; Singer et al., 2004), psychopathology (e.g. Bird et al., 2010; Meffert et al., 2013), or context (e.g. Azevedo et al., 2013; Hein et al., 2010; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundZhang, H., Gu, R., Ming, Y., Zhang, M., Han, F., Li, H., & Luo, W. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa167 · Cited by 31
“In this regard, an alternative approach is to manipulate psychological closeness in the laboratory; for instance, confederates who play fairly would be perceived as more likeable and emotionally closer than those who play unfairly (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNeuronal Circuits for Social Decision-Making and Their Clinical Implications
Báez-Mendoza, R., Vázquez, Y., Mastrobattista, E. P., & Williams, Z. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.720294 · Cited by 34
The Relation between Self-Reported Empathy and Motor Identification with Imagined Agents
Marzoli, D., Palumbo, R., Domenico, A. D., Penolazzi, B., Garganese, P., & Tommasi, L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014595 · Cited by 32
“, [71–75]).”
Seip, E. C., DIJK, W. W. V., & Rotteveel, M. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04503.x · Cited by 31
Irritable bowel syndrome and somatoform disorders
Henningsen, P., & Herzog, W. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.02.015 · Cited by 31
Stellar, J. E., Feinberg, M., & Keltner, D. J. (2013) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.12.001 · Cited by 43
“Male participants whowere cheated by their partner in an economic game showed increased activation in reward regions of the brain (nucleus accumbens) when their partner was later seen in pain (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGeneralized Negative Reciprocity in the Dictator Game – How to Interrupt the Chain of Unfairness
Strang, S., Grote, X., Kuss, K., Park, S. Q., & Weber, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22316 · Cited by 30
Xin, Q., Ogura, Y., Leo, U., & Matsushima, T. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13475 · Cited by 30
“Although classical theories of foraging have assumed single foraging individuals (Charnov, 1976; Stephens & Krebs, 1986), recent behavioral studies clearly support the contribution of inter-individual interactions, such as kleptoparasitism in flocks of birds (Giraldeau & Dubois, 2008), and forms of social cognition su…”
BackgroundThe Police-Community Interaction Survey: measuring police performance in new ways
Rosenbaum, D. P., Maskály, J., Lawrence, D. S., Escamilla, J. H., Enciso, G., Christoff, T., & Posick, C. (2017) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-07-2016-0119 · Cited by 34
Behavioural Differences and Neural Substrates of Altruistic and Spiteful Punishment
Yamagishi, T., Li, Y., Fermin, A. S. R., Kanai, R., Takagishi, H., Matsumoto, Y., Kiyonari, T., & Sakagami, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15188-w · Cited by 30
Lomoriello, A. S., Meconi, F., Rinaldi, I., & Sessa, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01824 · Cited by 37
“In the field of social and affective neuroscience, investigation has indeed mostly focused on empathy toward others’ pain (Astolfi et al., 2005; Decety and Lamm, 2007; Fan and Han, 2008; Li and Han, 2010; Meconi, Vaes, and Sessa, 2015; Sessa and Meconi, 2015; Sessa, Meconi, and Han, 2014; Sheng and Han, 2012; Sheng, H…”
BackgroundZhu, J., Wang, X. Q., He, X., Hu, Y., Li, F., Liu, M., & Ye, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00175 · Cited by 32
Social hierarchies in third-party punishment: A behavioral and ERP study
Cui, F., Wang, C., Cao, Q., & Jiao, C. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107722 · Cited by 30
Cristofani, C., Sesso, G., Cristofani, P., Fantozzi, P., Inguaggiato, E., Muratori, P., Narzisi, A., Pfanner, C., Pisano, S., Polidori, L., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10080489 · Cited by 30
“The latter implies the involvement of limbic and paralimbic structures and develops earlier than the cognitive one, which assumes a fine-tuned maturation of prefrontal and temporal networks [4].”
BackgroundReputation systems, aggression, and deterrence in social interaction
Benard, S. (2012) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.09.004 · Cited by 30
Fehse, K., Silveira, S., Elvers, K., & Blautzik, J. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.980587 · Cited by 32
“modulations of mPFC activation when pain could be perceived of as either useful or deserved (Lamm, Batson, et al., 2007; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInterpersonal touch suppresses visual processing of aversive stimuli
Kawamichi, H., Kitada, R., Yoshihara, K., Takahashi, H. K., & Sadato, N. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00164 · Cited by 30
No pain, no social gains: A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors
Vigil, J. M. (2014) · World Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.5313/wja.v3.i1.18 · Cited by 30
Morality as a Biological Adaptation – An Evolutionary Model Based on the Lifestyle of Human Foragers
van Schaik, C. P., Burkart, J. M., Jaeggi, A. V., & von Rohr, C. R. (2013) · Library of ethics and applied philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01369-5_4 · Cited by 30
A Neural Model of Empathic States in Attachment-Based Psychotherapy
Cittern, D., & Edalat, A. (2017) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.1162/cpsy_a_00006 · Cited by 30
“tendency to cooperate (Singer et al., 2006)) of the other have been found to modulate the strength of behavioural and neural empathic responses (Engen and Singer, 2013; Numan, 2014).”
BackgroundThe Neural Systems of Forgiveness: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective
Billingsley, J., & Losin, E. A. R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00737 · Cited by 35
“Singer et al. (2006) found elevated activation of the left ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens when men (but not women) observed unfair vs. fair players subjected to pain.”
BackgroundInfluentialCooperative and Competitive Contextual Effects on Social Cognitive and Empathic Neural Responses
Lee, M., Ahn, H. S., Kwon, S. K., & Kim, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00218 · Cited by 29
Functional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study
Bagnis, A., Celeghin, A., Diano, M., Mendez, C. A., Spadaro, G., Mosso, C. O., Avenanti, A., & Tamietto, M. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116939 · Cited by 30
“…stimuli (Harris and Fiske, 2006; see section 4.2.2), its significant activity during perception of in-group stimuli could reflect empathetic resonance toward similar others by contributing to the neural circuits underlying affective empathy (Fan et al., 2011; Singer, 2006; Singer et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialEmbodied neural responses to others’ suffering
Han, X., Luo, S., & Han, S. (2015) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2015.1053440 · Cited by 33
“…2015 Taylor & Francis attentional demand (Fan & Han, 2008; Gu & Han, 2007; Sheng & Han, 2012), affective link (Singer et al., 2006), personal experiences (Cheng et al., 2007), and intergroup relationships (Hein, Silani, Preuschoff, Batson, & Singer, 2010;…”
BackgroundFlexible Concern: The Development of Multidetermined and Context-Dependent Empathic Responding
Vaish, A. (2016) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12178 · Cited by 28
“relationships and evaluations modulate concern: Adults show more concern for members of in-groups than for members of out-groups, and less concern for unfair individuals (22).”
BackgroundThe Computational Complexity of Valuation and Motivational Forces in Decision-Making Processes
Redish, A. D., Schultheiss, N. W., & Carter, E. C. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_375 · Cited by 28
“…recent discoveries of the past several decades has been that human social interactions are fundamentally Pavlovian in the sense used in this chapter—they are species-specific behaviors that we learn the appropriate situations for (Singer et al. 2006, 2009; Hein et al. 2011; Greene 2013).”
Background3. The neuroscience of social understanding
Barresi, J., & Moore, C. L. (2008) · Converging evidence in language and communication research · doi:10.1075/celcr.12.05bar · Cited by 29
The central role of self-agency in clinical recovery from first episode psychosis.
Bjornestad, J., Bronnick, K., Davidson, L., Hegelstad, W. T. V., Joa, I., Kandal, O., Larsen, T. K., Langeveld, J., Veseth, M., Melle, I., et al. (2017) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2016.1198828 · Cited by 28
“…capability feedback (Schunk, Hanson, & Cox, 1987), validating participants’ recovery-facilitating capabilities and signaling the need for participants to be involved in their recovery (Singer et al., 2006), all internalized as increased faith in their ability to recover through their own agency.”
BackgroundA Less Attractive Feature of Empathy: Intergroup Empathy Bias
Fourie, M. M., Subramoney, S., & Gobodo‐Madikizela, P. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.69287 · Cited by 30
Ionta, S., Costantini, M., Ferretti, A., Galati, G., Romani, G. L., & Aglioti, S. M. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.028 · Cited by 27
Sex-specific interaction between cortisol and striato-limbic responses to psychosocial stress
Henze, G., Konzok, J., Kreuzpointner, L., Bärtl, C., Giglberger, M., Peter, H. L., Streit, F., Kudielka, B. M., Kirsch, P., & Wüst, S. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab062 · Cited by 28
“As rewardrelated area, an expressed desire of revenge in men was found to be correlated with increased activity, while in women this was associated with deactivations (Singer et al., 2006; Dumais et al., 2018).”
NEUROBIOLOGÍA DE LAS EMOCIONES MORALES
Mercadillo, R. E., Díaz, J. L., & Barrios, F. A. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 27
Spreckelmeyer, K. N., Rademacher, L., Paulus, F. M., & Gründer, G. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.068 · Cited by 28
“This finding is novel and adds to other studies providing neural evidence for sex differences in social cognition (Krach et al., 2009; Schulte-Rüther et al., 2008; Singer et al., 2006).”
ResultThoma, P., & Bellebaum, C. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00135 · Cited by 27
“Only male participants were investigated, and there is evidence that gender may modulate empathy-related ACC activation (Singer et al., 2006) and the neural correlates of action monitoring in competitive situations.”
BackgroundAllen, M., Frank, D., Glen, J. C., Fardo, F., Callaghan, M. F., & Rees, G. E. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43316 · Cited by 28
Functional Neuroimaging in Psychopathy
CASALE, A. D., Kotzalidis, G. D., Rapinesi, C., Pietro, S. D., Alessi, M. C., Cesare, G. D., Criscuolo, S., Rossi, P. D., Tatarelli, R., Girardi, P., et al. (2015) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000441189 · Cited by 27
Sex differences in somatomotor representations of others’ pain: a permutation-based analysis
Christov‐Moore, L., & Iacoboni, M. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1814-y · Cited by 27
“Indeed, although resonance processes are thought to be pre-reflective, they are modulated by contextual factors such as social distance, status, group affiliation and perceived trustworthiness (Cheng et al. 2010; Gu and Han 2007; Guo et al. 2012; Hein and Singer 2008; Lamm et al. 2007; Loggia et al. 2008; Singer et al…”
Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Ada, E. N., Ahmadi, M., Caltabiano, N. J., Wang, D., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., & Hagger, M. S. (2019) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.02.002 · Cited by 36
Jensen, K. B., Gollub, R. L., Kong, J., Lamm, C., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Petrović, P. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0712-2 · Cited by 28
Cognición Social: Conceptos y Bases Neurales
Labbé, T., Ciampi, E., Venegas-Bustos, J., Martín, R. U. S., & Rodriguez, C. C. (2019) · Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría · doi:10.4067/s0717-92272019000400365 · Cited by 27
Ho, N. S. P., Sun, D., Ting, K. H., Chan, C. C. H., & Lee, T. M. C. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/212368 · Cited by 28
“Only men were included in the present study, so as to control for the gender-related effect on affective processing [48– 50].”
BackgroundVistoli, D., Achim, A. M., Lavoie, M.-A., & Jackson, P. L. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.020 · Cited by 26
“We did not replicate the enhanced activation previously reported in the AI/aMCC for Self compared to Other (Singer et al., 2004, 2006; Jackson et al., 2006a; Lamm et al., 2007).”
Paulus, F. M., Müller‐Pinzler, L., Stolz, D. S., Mayer, A. V., Rademacher, L., & Krach, S. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.030 · Cited by 27
Follow-up study of transsexuals after sex-reassignment surgery.
Tsoi, W. F. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Klimecki, O. M., Vuilleumier, P., & Sander, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151028 · Cited by 26
“This extends the notion that malicious joy may be experienced when observing unfair others suffer [16], and that neural activations are increased in reward-related areas during the punishment of unfair others [17].”
InfluentialHigh (in)fidelity: gender, the Dark Tetrad, and infidelity
March, E., Antunovic, J., Poll, A., Dye, J., & Doorn, G. H. V. (2023) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2023.2220279 · Cited by 26
“Compared to women, men experience more positive emotions (e.g., pride) when pursuing revenge-related goals (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMorally Bonded and Bounded: A Sociological Introduction to Neurology
Firat, R. B., & Hitlin, S. (2012) · Advances in group processes · doi:10.1108/s0882-6145(2012)0000029009 · Cited by 27
Evil origins: A Darwinian genealogy of the popcultural villain.
Kjeldgaard‐Christiansen, J. (2015) · Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1037/ebs0000057 · Cited by 26
“Of course, nonpsychopaths can act in cruel ways too, but this requires situational and historical factors that enable moral disengagement (Bandura, 1999; Singer et al., 2006; Zimbardo, 2007).”
BackgroundApplying Evolutionary Thinking to the Study of Emotion
Weisfeld, G. E., & Goetz, S. M. M. (2013) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs3030388 · Cited by 33
“It makes logical sense that restitution—correction of the violation—would neutralize anger and even be pleasurable: witnessing unfair individuals being punished activated the nucleus accumbens [107].”
BackgroundFerrari, P. F. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003152 · Cited by 30
“P A A uthor M anuscript Several studies have investigated the neuroscience of empathy by exploring brain activity while participants witness pain suffered by another person (Morrison & Downing, 2007; Cheng et al., 2007; Singer et al., 2004, 2006; Lamm et al., 2010).”
BackgroundHuang, S., & Han, S. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.934396 · Cited by 27
“For example, Singer et al. (2006) found that an emotional link between an observer and a target resulted in variation of empathic neural responses in the anterior insula.”
BackgroundLeiberg, S., Eippert, F., Veit, R., & Anders, S. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21376 · Cited by 28
Causes of social reward differences encoded in human brain
Vostroknutov, A., Tobler, P. N., & Rustichini, A. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00298.2011 · Cited by 26
“We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant SES-0924896) to A. Rustichini and from a Royal Society University Research Fellowship to P. N. Tobler.”
BackgroundEffects of cause of pain on the processing of pain in others: an ERP study
Lyu, Z., Meng, J., & Jackson, T. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3952-7 · Cited by 26
“…a priori attitudes toward others (Decety et al. 2009), perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal (lamm et al. 2007), racial bias (Xu et al. 2009), social relationships between people (singer et al. 2006) and the social context in which pain arises (akitsuki and Decety 2009; Decety et al. 2008).”
The Relationship between Empathy and Attitudes toward Government Intervention
Wagaman, M. A., & Segal, E. A. (2014) · The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare · doi:10.15453/0191-5096.3984 · Cited by 26
“People tend to have more empathy for others if those others are viewed as behaving fairly in social interactions, while the perception of selfishness diminishes empathy for others (Singer et al., 2006).”
InfluentialNeuroökonomie: Grundverständnis, Methoden und betriebswirtschaftliche Anwendungsfelder
Schilke, O. S., & Reimann, M. (2007) · Journal für Betriebswirtschaft · doi:10.1007/s11301-007-0026-y · Cited by 26
Wang, Y. (2019) · Digital Archive @ GSU · Cited by 25
Esménio, S., Soares, J. M., Oliveira‐Silva, P., Gonçalves, Ó. F., Decety, J., & Coutinho, J. F. P. (2019) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2019.1586758 · Cited by 25
Neilands, P., Claessens, S., Ren, I., Hassall, R., Bastos, A. P. M., & Taylor, A. H. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2236 · Cited by 26
“In humans, empathy is modulated by social experience: people experience greater empathy for people who interact with them in a fair or prosocial manner [71,72].”
BackgroundTzanaki, P. (2022) · Music & Science · doi:10.1177/20592043221142715 · Cited by 25
“…empathy and interpersonal synchronisation can be notably influenced by inter-individual factors, such as perceived similarity and group membership, familiarity and psychological distance (Cikara et al., 2011; de Vignemont & Singer, 2006; Main et al., 2017; Miles et al., 2010; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAttachment and Cooperation in Religious Groups
Weingarten, C. P., & Chisholm, J. S. (2009) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/605767 · Cited by 25
“Moreover, altruistic punishment of “defectors” in experimental games is associated with activation of brain reward centers (Singer et al. 2006).”
BackgroundLateral OFC Activity Predicts Decision Bias due to First Impressions during Ultimatum Games
Kim, H., Choi, M.-J., & Jang, I.-J. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00136 · Cited by 25
“tional connectivity between bilateral insula and the lOFC, but not between the amygdala and the lOFC, predicted individual variability in decision bias because of facial impressions, which is consistent with recent findings that insula activities reflecting perceived fairness vary across individuals (Singer et al., 20…”
BackgroundResultPrice, M. E. (2006) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.06.001 · Cited by 25
“For example, compared to females, males appear both to experience more pleasure and less empathy when seeing non-cooperators punished (Singer et al., 2006), and also to punish non-cooperators more ‘on principle’, that is, with less concern for the economic impact that such punishment will have on themselves (Eckel & G…”
BackgroundSocial Reward and Empathy as Proximal Contributions to Altruism: The Camaraderie Effect
Lahvis, G. P. (2016) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_449 · Cited by 28
Wang, C., Liu, Y., Dun, W., Zhang, T., Yang, J., Wang, K., Mu, J., Zhang, M., & Liu, J. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25226 · Cited by 25
“Neuroimaging studies have shown reproducible findings of a significant activation of the AI in healthy individuals in response to others' pain (Cui, Abdelgabar, Keysers, & Gazzola, 2015; Jackson et al., 2005; Lamm et al., 2011; Singer et al., 2004; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundNeural correlates of decision making after unfair treatment
Wu, Y. H., Zang, Y., Yuan, B., & Tian, X. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00123 · Cited by 25
Towards a philosophy for neuroethics
Evers, K. (2007) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401014 · Cited by 25
“In social creatures, self-awareness also inspires interest in others, primarily those to whom the self can relate and with whom it identifies, such as the next of kin (Singer et al, 2006).”
BackgroundCameron, C. D., Scheffer, J. A., Hadjiandreou, E., & Anderson, S. (2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2022.04.005 · Cited by 27
Fox, G. R., Sobhani, M., & Aziz‐Zadeh, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00772 · Cited by 24
“…University of Stuttgart, UK *Correspondence: Glenn R. Fox, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, 3620A McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA e-mail: glennfox@usc.edu How does witnessing a hateful person in pain compare to witnessing a likable person in pain?”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMotomura, Y., Takeshita, A., Egashira, Y., Nishimura, T., Kim, Y.-K., & Watanuki, S. (2015) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-015-0049-3 · Cited by 26
“For example, Singer and colleagues showed that empathy for another’s physical pain was affected by the social attitudes of other participants [34].”
The Emotional Mind: A Control Theory of Affective States
Cochrane, T. (2019) · Cited by 25
Sellitto, M., Neufang, S., Schweda, A., Weber, B., & Tobias Kalenscher, A. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118211 · Cited by 24
The role of external factors in affect-sharing and their neural bases
Gamble, R. S., Henry, J. D., Decety, J., & Vanman, E. J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105540 · Cited by 25
“However, the findings contradict a study that found reduced ACC activation in response to unfair players ’ pain (Singer et al., 2006), and may be due to the many functional outputs that the ACC is involved in, including conflict monitoring (Greene et al., 2004), threat detection and fear (Jhang et…”
BackgroundDrawing the boundary between low-level and high-level mindreading
de Vignemont, F. (2009) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-009-9354-1 · Cited by 24
On the Nature, Modeling, and Neural Bases of Social Ties
van Winden, F. A. A. M., Stallen, M., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2008) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 25
Unfairness brings malice: Malevolent creativity is modulated by perceived unfairness of others
Zhang, W., Liang, Q., Qiao, X., & Hao, N. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101586 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Wellcome Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Singer, Tania
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 439
- Issue
- 7075
- Pages
- 466-469
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2636868
- OpenAlex
- W2098425678
- Semantic Scholar
- a9adbab6dae28c23a205786c725a988649d155ef
- Cited by
- 1,726
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 111 · 2012: 100
- FWCI
- 139.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (078865)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- empathy, perceived fairness, social preferences, schadenfreude, altruistic punishment, revenge, sex differences, anterior cingulate cortex, reward processing, economic games, corporal punishment
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Empathy, Female, Game Theory, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Pain, Photic Stimulation, Punishment, Reward, Sex Characteristics, Social Justice
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