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Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
Open accessAbstract
The neural processes underlying empathy are a subject of intense interest within the social neurosciences. However, very little is known about how brain empathic responses are modulated by the affective link between individuals. We show here that empathic responses are modulated by learned preferences, a result consistent with economic models of social preferences. We engaged male and female volunteers in an economic game, in which two confederates played fairly or unfairly, and then measured brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while these same volunteers observed the confederates receiving pain. Both sexes exhibited empathy-related activation in pain-related brain areas (fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortices) towards fair players. However, these empathy-related responses were significantly reduced in males when observing an unfair person receiving pain. This effect was accompanied by increased activation in reward-related areas, correlated with an expressed desire for revenge. We conclude that in men (at least) empathic responses are shaped by valuation of other people's social behaviour, such that they empathize with fair opponents while favouring the physical punishment of unfair opponents, a finding that echoes recent evidence for altruistic punishment.
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TL;DR
Empathic brain responses to another person’s pain are shaped by perceived fairness: participants showed pain-related empathy in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortices toward fair players, but men showed reduced empathic responses and increased reward-related activity when an unfair player received pain. The authors conclude that, at least in men, empathy is modulated by social valuation, with unfair opponents’ pain potentially linked to reward and revenge.
Key findings
- After a sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma game, both male and female subjects rated the fair player as significantly more fair, agreeable, likeable, and attractive than the unfair player (scale range 2 to 22; P < 0.001).
- Both sexes showed empathy-related activation in pain-related brain areas, including bilateral anterior insula/fronto-insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, when observing a fair player in pain; ACC activation was significant in women ([9, 18, 27]; P < 0.001 uncorrected, P < 0.05 whole-brain corrected) but borderline in men ([29, 39, 27]; P = 0.001 uncorrected).
- Men showed significantly enhanced bilateral fronto-insular activation when observing fair compared with unfair players in pain, whereas women showed no significant difference in empathy-related pain regions for fair versus unfair players.
- In men, but not women, observing an unfair player receiving pain increased activation in left ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens and left orbito-frontal cortex; men also expressed a stronger desire for revenge than women (t(30) = 2.40, P < 0.05), and men with stronger revenge desire showed greater nucleus accumbens activation for unfair versus fair player pain.
Methods
- Subjects were 16 men and 16 women; four professional actors (two female, two male) served as confederates. Subjects played a sequential iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game in which confederates reciprocated fairly or unfairly, inducing liking or disliking.
- In an empathy-for-pain fMRI task, subjects observed cues indicating that they, the fair player, or the unfair player would receive low or high electrical stimulation; each 12-s trial included a cue followed after 6 s by a circle indicating stimulation onset.
- fMRI data were acquired on a 1.5-T Siemens Sonata scanner and analyzed in SPM2 using an event-related model with a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design (pain vs no pain; self, fair, unfair; male vs female subject), random-effects group analyses, conjunction/masking, and regression analyses; results are reported at P < 0.005 uncorrected in a priori regions of interest.
Limitations
- The paper states that further experiments are needed to confirm the gender specificity of the effect.
- The paper notes that the experimental design may have favoured men because the punishment modality involved physical threat rather than psychological or financial threat; alternatively, the findings could indicate a predominant role for males in maintaining justice and punishing norm violation.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (32 subjects), several key results are reported at uncorrected thresholds within a priori regions of interest, and the gender analysis is binary and based on male/female subject groups.
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20 Own result · 10 Not checked yet · 6 Own interpretation · 4 Own method · 1 Supported so far
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women this reduction in activity was very small, whereas in men the knowledge that an unfair player was in receipt of pain elicited no increase in empathic activity in FI.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“And indeed, formal analysis revealed no significant difference for women when comparing painful trials for fair versus unfair players in empathy-related pain regions.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, men showed significantly enhanced activation in bilateral FI when observing fair compared with unfair players in pain (Supplementary Tables 8 and 11).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Moreover, we observed pain-related empathic responses in both genders in bilateral AI extending into FI and brainstem when seeing an unfamiliar but likeable person in pain (Fig. 2a, b).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Furthermore, we extended previous findings10 by showing that men, as well as women, who scored higher on standard empathy scales22 had higher empathy-related brain activity in ACC and AI/FI (Supplementary Fig. 2).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Davis, M. A. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Cat. Selected Docs Psychol. 10, 85 (1980)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The comparison of brain activity associated with painful and non-painful trials in the ‘self’ condition for men and women revealed an expected increase in the ‘pain network’, including activity in AI and ACC (Supplementary Tables 2 and 3).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Post-scan behavioural ratings confirmed that both male and female subjects rated the fair player as being significantly more fair, more agreeable, more likeable and more attractive than the unfair player (range of scale ρ2 to 22; P , 0.001; Supplementary Table S1).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 8
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Recent imaging studies provide evidence for common activation elicited when experiencing disgust8, touch9 or pain10-12 in oneself, and when perceiving the same feelings in others.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Wicker, B. et al. Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40, 655–664 (2003) source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Keysers, C. et al. A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch. Neuron 42, 335–346 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Jackson, P. L., Meltzoff, A. N. & Decety, J. How do we perceive the pain of others: A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. Neuroimage 3, 771–779 (2005) source
- Supportedcites [12] Morrison, I., Lloyd, D., di Pellegrino, G. & Roberts, N. Vicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: is empathy a multisensory issue? Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 270–278 (2004) source
This source is cited for the pain portion of the sentence, not for disgust or touch. The Whole Brain Contrasts section reports a common right anterior cingulate activation when participants felt a painful stimulus and when they observed another person receive one; the Summary and Conclusions reiterates that finding. (LLM, conf=0.94)
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The activation in ACC was significant in women ([9, 18, 27]; P , 0.001 uncorrected, P , 0.05 whole-brain corrected) but was borderline in men ([29, 39, 27]; P 1/4 0.001 uncorrected; Supplementary Tables 4 and 5; coordinates refer to the peak of activations in MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) space).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Consistent with this finding, supplementary analysis showed that women but not men displayed significant activation in bilateral AI/FI and ACC in all three conditions (Supplementary Tables 7 and 10).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The perception–action model of empathy states that the observation or imagination of another person in a particular emotional state automatically activates a representation of that state in the observer1.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Preston, S. D. & de-Waal, F. B. M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav. Brain Sci. 25, 1–72 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These results suggest that our ability to empathize relies on neuronal systems that underpin our own bodily and emotional states1,2,10,13.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Preston, S. D. & de-Waal, F. B. M. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav. Brain Sci. 25, 1–72 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [2] Gallese, V., Keysers, C. & Rizzolatti, G. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 396–403 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Craig, A. D. Human feelings: why are some more aware than others? Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 239–241 (2004) source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the two confederates were always of the same sex, all four possible gender combinations between the sex of the subject and the sex of the confederates were used equally often throughout the study.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Empathy for pain model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“These theories4,7 suggest that people value the gains of others positively if they are perceived to behave fairly, but value others' gains negatively if they behave unfairly.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Rabin, M. Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics. Am. Econ. Rev. 83, 1281–1302 (1993)
- Not checked yetcites [7] Fehr, E. & Schmidt, K. M. A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Q. J. Econ. 114, 817–868 (1999) source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“After scanning, subjects completed a standard empathy scale22 and were asked to rate the intensity of the low and high stimulation, their liking for the two confederates, and their desire for revenge on the two confederates (see Fig. 1b, Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 3).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Post-scan questionnaires
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Davis, M. A. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Cat. Selected Docs Psychol. 10, 85 (1980)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that in men (at least) empathic responses are shaped by valuation of other people's social behaviour, such that they empathize with fair opponents while favouring the physical punishment of unfair opponents, a finding that echoes recent evidence for altruistic punishment.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This pattern of preferences implies that people like cooperating with fair opponents but also like punishing unfair opponents.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, studies on empathy for pain have found that the activation observed in anterior insula/fronto-insular cortex (AI/FI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to pain in oneself is also seen when observing pain in someone else10,12.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157–1162 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Morrison, I., Lloyd, D., di Pellegrino, G. & Roberts, N. Vicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: is empathy a multisensory issue? Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 270–278 (2004) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 1c, cues (coloured arrows) were presented in random order indicating whether she/he (self condition), the fair player (fair condition) or the unfair player (unfair condition) would get low stimulation (no pain condition) or high stimulation (pain condition).”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It has been shown that people reward others for cooperative behaviour but punish violations of social fairness even at a personal cost15,16, an effect likely to be mediated by neural mechanisms that provide intrinsic motivation (that is, satisfaction) from punishing violators21.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Fehr, E. & Gachter, S. Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415, 137–140 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Fehr, E. & Fischbacher, U. The nature of human altruism. Nature 425, 785–791 (2003) source
- Not checked yetcites [21] de Quervain, D. J. et al. The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 305, 1254–1258 (2004) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“We report results at P < 0.005 uncorrected for multiple comparisons in the a priori regions of interest.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Image acquisition and analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our findings indicate that cooperation nourishes this link, but selfish behaviour that is detrimental to others effectively compromises this link (at least with males), such that empathic responses in the brain are diminished or abolished.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These findings are consistent with the different functions associated with distinct regions of the striatum: afferent projections to dorsal striatum are thought to be crucial for learning correct actions so as to maximize reward, whereas projections to ventral striatum, including nucleus accumbens, have a key function in reward prediction and pavlovian learning18-20,23,24.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Cardinal, R. N., Parkinson, J. A., Hall, J. & Everitt, B. J. Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 26, 321–352 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [19] O'Doherty, J. et al. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304, 452–454 (2004) source
- Not checked yetcites [20] Schultz, W. Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 1, 199–207 (2000) source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Dayan, P. & Balleine, B. W. Reward, motivation, and reinforcement learning. Neuron 36, 285–298 (2002) source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Montague, P. R., Hyman, S. E. & Cohen, J. D. Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control. Nature 431, 760–767 (2004) source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The position (left or right) of the actor (fair or unfair) was counterbalanced across subjects.”
§ Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others > METHODS > Empathy for pain model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The modulation of empathic neural responses by the social relations between individuals is unknown.
“However, it is unclear whether or how these responses are modulated by the social relations between individuals.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“males and females have been shown to use different strategies in emotion paradigms”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While it is not clear to what extent early interoceptive signals are prone to modulation, it has been shown that all parts of insula (posterior, mid and anterior) as well as cACC may be regulated by top-down systems during processing of bottom-up interoceptive input (Atlas and Wager, 2014) and processing of top-down induced activation in the interoceptive stream (Singer et al., 2006; Rutgen et al.”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“That is, in male participants, ventral striatum activity increases when passively seeing partner, who has previously acted unfairly, incur pain 98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“In certain conditions, ventral striatum activity appears related to seeing others receive a deserved misfortune.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“The striatum displays signals that are related to making a decision to punish someone for acting unfairly 96, 97, as well as related to observing a punishment meted out to someone who has acted unfairly 98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the level of ventral striatum activation is related to male participants’ desire for revenge against the unfair partner98.”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“As gender differences in social emotions were observed in previous neuroscientific research (e.g.Singer et al., 2006), we decided to control for possible gender effects by restricting our sample to female participants only.”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Singer et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation
Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (1999) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355399556151 · Cited by 11,264
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688
Self-citationAltruistic punishment in humans
Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415137a · Cited by 5,616 · cited 3×
“Increased pain-related activation (asterisk indicates whole-brain corrected) for women in ACC* [9, 18, 27], left FI* [242, 15,23], right FI* [30, 18,218], left SII* [260,230, 18], right SII* [63,230, 24] and brainstem* [3,218,218]; for men in left FI* [233, 33, 3] right FI [42, 33, 3] and brainstem [3,233,230].”
BackgroundTrust, Reciprocity, and Social History
Berg, J., Dickhaut, J., & McCabe, K. (1995) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1006/game.1995.1027 · Cited by 5,548
(1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,712
Incorporating Fairness into Game Theory and Economics
Rabin, M. (2011) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvcm4j8j.15 · Cited by 4,614
Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000018 · Cited by 4,126
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093535 · Cited by 3,929
Self-citationSpatial registration and normalization of images
Friston, K. J., Ashburner, J., Frith, C., Poline, J.-B., Heather, J. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460030303 · Cited by 3,744
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 999
Wunderli, M. D., Vonmoos, M., Treichler, L., Zeller, C., Dziobek, I., Kræmer, T., Baumgartner, M. R., Seifritz, E., & Quednow, B. B. (2017) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx098 · Cited by 28
Relationship between empathy and motivation in undergraduate medical students
Findyartini, A., Felaza, E., Rini, D. S., & Mustika, R. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3205/zma001336 · Cited by 24
“Empathy may vary depending on individual differences [15] and subjective judgments [16], and it can be both automatic and situational [14].”
BackgroundSyed, F., Naseer, S., & Shamim, F. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1002/cjas.1660 · Cited by 23
Jami, P. Y., & Walker, D. I. (2022) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.11.002 · Cited by 26
For Hecuba or for Hamlet: Rethinking Emotion and Empathy in the Theatre
Cook, A. (2011) · Journal of dramatic theory and criticism · doi:10.1353/dtc.2011.0021 · Cited by 24
Social Interaction Behavior in ADHD in Adults in a Virtual Trust Game
Lis, S., Baer, N., Franzen, N., Hagenhoff, M., Gerlach, M., Koppe, G., Sammer, G., Gallhofer, B., & Kirsch, P. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713482581 · Cited by 23
“Fairness leads not only to changes in the interaction behavior (Singer et al., 2006) but also to changes in the attitude toward counterparts regarding more stable characteristics as, for example, their trustworthiness (Bayliss & Tipper, 2006) and attractiveness (Singer et al.”
BackgroundThe development of boys' preferential pleasure in physical aggression
Benenson, J. F., Carder, H. P., & Geib‐Cole, S. J. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20223 · Cited by 23
Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core systems.
Doré, B., Zerubavel, N., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14341-022 · Cited by 23
“…insula responses when observing others in pain, and men watching competitors experience pain actually show activation of the ventral striatum (Singer et al., 2006), thought to reflect an instance of schadenfreude, or joy derived from the misfortune of others (see also Takahashi et al., 2009).”
BackgroundCooperative Behavior in the Ultimatum Game and Prisoner’s Dilemma Depends on Players’ Contributions
Bland, A. R., Roiser, J. P., Mehta, M. A., Schei, T. S., Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., & Elliott, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01017 · Cited by 25
“The defect response to predicted opponent defection hypothesized in the preceding paragraph would therefore seem to be particularly marked in male participants, potentially consistent with the idea that males are more prone to “altruistic punishment” of perceived unfairness (Singer et al., 2006).”
ResultCan Empathy Explain Gender Differences in Economic Policy Views in the United States?
Kamas, L., & Preston, A. E. (2018) · Feminist Economics · doi:10.1080/13545701.2018.1493215 · Cited by 23
“Tania Singer et al. (2006) do not find gender differences in brain activity when subjects observe someone in pain.”
BackgroundSex and individual differences in induced and evoked EEG measures of action observation
Silas, J., Levy, J. P., Nielsen, M. K., Slade, L., & Holmes, A. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.004 · Cited by 23
Chester, D., Powell, C. A. J., Smith, R. H., Joseph, J. E., Kedia, G., Combs, D. J. Y., & DeWall, C. (2013) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.846278 · Cited by 21
“Indeed, the hardships of an envied other are associated with activation in the ventral striatum, a dopamine-rich brain circuit associated with hedonic reward (Cikara, Botvinick, & Fiske, 2011; Singer et al. 2006; Takahashi et al. 2009).”
BackgroundShen, Q., Jin, J. K., & Ma, Q. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.043 · Cited by 23
Tikka, P., Väljamäe, A., de Borst, A. W., Pugliese, R., Ravaja, N., Kaipainen, M., & Takala, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00298 · Cited by 23
“…OF ENACTIVE CINEMA IN fMRI How enactive cinema may be harnessed to study complex social settings in fMRI can be exemplified on the basis of Singer et al. (2006), who showed that after perceiving two people being fair or unfair in an economical game and then seeing both persons receiving…”
BackgroundUnderstanding and accounting for relational context is critical for social neuroscience
Clark‐Polner, E., & Clark, M. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00127 · Cited by 26
Lux, M. (2010) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2010.9689072 · Cited by 22
Empathy or schadenfreude? Social value orientation and affective responses to gambling results
Qi, Y., Nan, W., Cai, H., Wu, H., & Liu, X. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109619 · Cited by 23
Fantozzi, P., Sesso, G., Muratori, P., Milone, A., & Masi, G. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111399 · Cited by 25
“These two components may have different neuroanatomical correlates, the former implying the contribution of limbic and paralimbic structures and developing earlier than the latter, which assumes, in turn, a fine-tuned maturation of prefrontal and temporal networks [16].”
BackgroundPunishment, reward, and cooperation in a framed field experiment
NOUSSAIR, C. N., Soest, D. P. V., & Stoop, J. (2014) · Social Choice and Welfare · doi:10.1007/s00355-014-0841-8 · Cited by 22
“…at positive cost to the punisher, suggests that our subjects have an inherent taste for punishing non-cooperators (de Quervain et al. (2004), Singer et al. (2006)), and a desire to reciprocate to prior unkind actions (Gintis (2000), Fehr and Fischbacher (2003), Gintis et al. (2003), Boyd…”
BackgroundResultAdaptations to avoid victimization
Duntley, J. D., & Shackelford, T. K. (2011) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.008 · Cited by 23
“fMRI research has demonstrated that pleasure centers of men's brains become activated upon succeeding in contexts of revenge against someone perceived to have perpetrated awrong (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundWang, T., Ge, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, J., & Luo, W. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.020 · Cited by 22
Cooperative preferences fluctuate across the menstrual cycle
Anderl, C., Hahn, T., Notebaert, K., Klotz, C., Rutter, B., & Windmann, S. (2015) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500005544 · Cited by 22
“…behavior might at least partially account for some of the gender differences that have previously been reported for cooperative behavior (Van Vugt, De Cremer & Janssen, 2007), desire for re-venge (Singer et al., 2006), and empathy (e.g., Knickmeyer, Baron-Cohen, Raggatt, Taylor & Hackett, 2006).”
Strimling, P., & Eriksson, K. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199300730.003.0004 · Cited by 29
“Brain imaging studies show that people may derive personal satisfaction from punishing others (de Quervain et al. 2003; Singer et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMoral Cognition and Moral Emotions
Báez, S., García, A. M., & Santamaría‐García, H. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68421-5_8 · Cited by 23
Acquired personality traits of autism following damage to the medial prefrontal cortex
Umeda, S., Mimura, M., & Kato, M. (2009) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470910902990584 · Cited by 23
“This area is known to be involved in empathy processing (Singer et al., 2004, 2006).”
BackgroundSchirmer, A. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.033 · Cited by 22
Essays on Systems Intelligence
Hämäläinen, R. P., & Saarinen, E. (2010) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 22
Political Science and Beyond: Presidential Address to the American Political Science Association
Axelrod, R. (2008) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s153759270808002x · Cited by 22
Empathy: shared circuits and their dysfunctions
Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.4/mthioux · Cited by 21
Environmentally significant behavior in the home
Stern, P. C. (2008) · The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490118.015 · Cited by 50
Verplaetse, J., Braeckman, J., & Schrijver, J. D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6287-2_1 · Cited by 22
Vers une approche neuropsychologique de l'empathie
Narme, P., Mouras, H., Loas, G., Krystkowiak, P. C., Roussel, M., Boucart, M., & Godefroy, O. (2010) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2010.0098 · Cited by 21
Li, S., & Chen, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02765 · Cited by 21
European police recruits’ views on ideal personal characteristics of a police officer
Inzunza, M., & Wikström, C. (2019) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2019.1685514 · Cited by 21
Aue, T., Bührer, S., Mayer, B., & Dricu, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248562 · Cited by 25
“For instance, research has shown that empathic responses in an observer largely depend on factors such as the perceived fairness and gender of a social target [7,45,54].”
BackgroundDo Chimpanzees Predict Others’ Behavior by Simulating Their Beliefs?
Lurz, R. W., Krachun, C., Mareno, M. C., & Hopkins, W. D. (2022) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.09.02.01.2022 · Cited by 24
“Empathy studies have shown that human subjects are more likely to show signs of sharing the emotions of other agents the more the other agents are viewed as similar to the simulator and the less they are viewed as competitors (Lee et al., 2018; Singer et al., 2006).”
Emotions in action through the looking glass1
Sinigaglia, C., & Sparaci, L. (2010) · Journal of Analytical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2009.01821.x · Cited by 24
Neuroscience and Humanistic Psychiatry: a Residency Curriculum
Griffith, J. L. (2014) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0063-5 · Cited by 21
“Further, empathic neural responses are modulated by perceived fairness in others, including gratification from revengeful punishment for opponents perceived as unfair [18].”
Social Rationality and Weak Solidarity: A Coevolutionary Approach to Social Order
Lindenberg, S. M. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139924627.004 · Cited by 20
Jami, P. Y., Mansouri, B., & Thoma, S. J. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9967-7 · Cited by 23
The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women
Cheung, F. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716 · Cited by 24
A General Behavior Model and New Definitions of Organizational Cultures
Wu, J. Y. (2007) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2007.10.002 · Cited by 21
Modulations of mirroring activity by desire for social connection and relevance of movement
Aragón, O. R., Sharer, E. A., Bargh, J. A., & Pineda, J. A. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst172 · Cited by 21
“of a study in which empathic pain responses were diminished when viewing pain in individuals who had previously treated the observer unfairly (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKnowing Other People’s Mental States as if They Were One’s Own
de Vignemont, F. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2646-0_16 · Cited by 22
Annerstedt, M. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7062692 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, the neural processes underlying empathy can be modulated by perceptions of other people’s social behaviour; for example, empathy-related brain areas are activated for fair persons but not for persons who are perceived as unfair [49].”
BackgroundThe Neuroevolution of Empathy and Caring for Others: Why It Matters for Morality
Decety, J. (2013) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02904-7_8 · Cited by 25
Genetic Configurations of Political Phenomena: New Theories, New Methods
Carmen, I. H. (2007) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716207305271 · Cited by 21
“But Hamer hit the jackpot when he sought association between self-transcendence and the VMAT2 gene on chromosome 10.”
Keysers, C., Meffert, H., & Gazzola, V. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt376 · Cited by 23
Tsfati, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edz031 · Cited by 20
Do Bad People Deserve Empathy? Selective Empathy Based on Targets’ Moral Characteristics
Wang, Y., Harris, P. L., Pei, M., & Su, Y. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-022-00165-y · Cited by 34
Psychology and Neurobiology of Horror Movies
Nummenmaa, L. (2024) · Projections · doi:10.3167/proj.2024.180203 · Cited by 27
Developmental changes of neuronal networks associated with strategic social decision-making
Steinmann, E., Schmalor, A., Prehn‐Kristensen, A., Wolff, S., Galka, A., Möhring, J., Gerber, W., Petermann, F., Stephani, U., & Siniatchkin, M. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.12.025 · Cited by 24
Neural Correlates of Dynamically Evolving Interpersonal Ties Predict Prosocial Behavior
Fahrenfort, J. J., van Winden, F. A. A. M., Pelloux, B., Stallen, M., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00028 · Cited by 20
“Various studies have focused on normative aspects of social interactions, such as trust (King-Casas et al., 2005) and fairness (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInterpersonal distance influences on pain empathy: Friends priming effect
Song, J., Guo, F., ZHANG, Z., Yuan, S., Jin, H., & Wang, Y. (2016) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2016.00833 · Cited by 20
“心理学报 2016, Vol. 48, No.7, 833−844 Acta Psychologica Sinica DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.00833 收稿日期: 2015-07-04 * 国家自然科学基金(31371045)、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-1065)、教育部人文社科研究基地重大项目(12JJD190004)、 天津市三年千人、中青年骨干创新人才培养计划、全国教育科学规划单位资助教育部规划课题 (FBB120553)、天津市“131”第一 层次和第三层次创新型人才培养工程(ZX110181)的资助。 通讯作者: 张振, E-mail: zhangzhenpsy@12…”
InfluentialWu, L., Kirmse, U., Flaisch, T., Boiandina, G., Kenter, A., & Schupp, H. T. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00465 · Cited by 21
“The pain-related empathy paradigm developed by Singer et al. (2004, 2006, 2008) allows studying the hypothesis that a state of empathy guides attention towards stimuli significant to others while controlling for perceptual features of the stimulus materials.”
BackgroundChanges in self-perceived role identity modulate pain perception
Kut, E., Schaffner, N., Wittwer, A., Candia, V., Brockmann, M., Storck, C. A., & Folkers, G. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.012 · Cited by 22
“During games a strong identification with the played role identity occurs (de Quervain et al., 2004; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEssays on Social Preferences and Beliefs in Non-Embedded Social Dilemmas
Aksoy, O. (2013) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 20
Concern for Others Leads to Vicarious OptimismPreprint
Kappes, A., Crockett, M. J., Faber, N. S., Savulescu, J., & Kahane, G. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/na9db · Cited by 20
The role of simulation in intertemporal choices
O’Connell, G., Christakou, A., & Chakrabarti, B. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00094 · Cited by 21
Does one size fit all? Hurley on shared circuits
Goldman, A. I. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07003184 · Cited by 19
Ubiquity and efficiency of restrictions on informal punishment rights
Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., & Ehn, M. (2013) · Journal of Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1556/jep.11.2013.1.3 · Cited by 20
“Specifically, people may get angry at someone they think behaved selfishly, and they may derive satisfaction from punishment of this individual (de QUERVAIN et al. 2003; SINGER et al. 2006).”
BackgroundCikara, M., & Fiske, S. T. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139084246.013 · Cited by 19
Outlining the Field – A Research Program for Empirically Informed Ethics
Christen, M., & Alfano, M. (2013) · Library of ethics and applied philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01369-5_1 · Cited by 19
“Second, the measurement process involved in establishing such a fact (e.g., how empathy frames perception of moral problems; Singer et al. 2006) involves normativity both by specifying the details of the setting and with respect to the normative frame that serves as reference point (Christen 2010).”
BackgroundGender Differences in Solving Moral Dilemmas: Emotional Engagement, Care and Utilitarian Orientation
Cordellieri, P., Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., Kormakova, D., Stoica, L. V., Ferlazzo, F., Guariglia, C., & Giannini, A. (2020) · Psychologische Studien · doi:10.1007/s12646-020-00573-9 · Cited by 18
The Relations of Empathy and Gender to Aesthetic Response and Aesthetic Inference of Visual Artworks
Miller, C. A., & Hübner, R. (2022) · Empirical Studies of the Arts · doi:10.1177/02762374221095701 · Cited by 21
“…the assumption that females and males do not only differ in their empathy, but that they also apply the distinct kinds of empathy differently, which is in line with recent neuroscientific findings (e.g., Derntl et al., 2010; Groen et al., 2012; Schulte-Rüther et al., 2008; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInter-temporal choice and self-control: saving and borrowing
Webley, P., & Nyhus, E. K. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490118.005 · Cited by 20
I Feel Your Pain: Embodied Knowledges and Situated Neurons
Pitts‐Taylor, V. (2013) · Hypatia · doi:10.1017/s0887536700026544 · Cited by 18
“In a series of fMRI studies on pain, researchers have observed vicarious activation in the somatosensory cortices when research subjects have been exposed to cues signaling that someone else is in pain, seeing the facial expressions of others indicating pain, and observing pain inflicted on the hands and feet of other…”
BackgroundInfluentialDisrupted Topological Patterns of Large-Scale Network in Conduct Disorder
Jiang, Y., Liu, W., Ming, Q., Gao, Y., Ma, R., Zhang, X., Situ, W., Wang, X., Yao, S., & Huang, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep37053 · Cited by 20
Perspective taking reduces group biases in sensorimotor resonance
Gutsell, J. N., Simon, J. C., & Jiang, Y. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.037 · Cited by 19
El Sistema límbico y las emociones: empatía en humanos y primates
Mejía, D. I. L., de Yahya, A. V., Méndez‐Díaz, M., & Mendoza-Fernández, V. (2009) · Psicología Iberoamericana · doi:10.48102/pi.v17i2.270 · Cited by 19
Winning is not enough: ventral striatum connectivity during physical aggression
Buades‐Rotger, M., Brunnlieb, C., Münte, T. F., Heldmann, M., & Krämer, U. M. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9370-z · Cited by 19
“unfair opponent receive an electric shock correlates positively with desires of revenge (Singer et al. 2006).”
Pain and social decision-making: New insights from the social framing effect
Gu, R., Liu, J., & Cui, F. (2019) · Brain Science Advances · doi:10.26599/bsa.2019.9050020 · Cited by 18
“[45] to manipulate each participant’s impression of his/her partner.”
BackgroundResultI Can But I Shall Not Always Be Empathic
Tremblay, M., Marcoux, A., Turcotte, V., Woods, J., Rouleau, C., Grondin, F., & Jackson, P. L. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120945180 · Cited by 21
“…displaying empathy, being more subject to the influence of context, as suggested by previous studies examining the neural substrates of empathy, as well as altruistic behaviours and interpersonal sensitivity (Andreoni & Vesterlund, 2001; Jie et al., 2019a; Lewis et al., 2011; Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe effect of sleep deprivation on empathy for pain: An ERP study
Duan, H., Wang, Y., & Lei, X. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108084 · Cited by 18
Batson, C. D. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610923.001.0001 · Cited by 24
van Vugt, M. (2014) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02904-7_6 · Cited by 18
Examining Nurse Empathy for Infant Procedural Pain: Testing a New Video Measure
Latimer, M. A., Jackson, P. L., Johnston, C. C., & Vine, J. (2011) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2011/198703 · Cited by 18
Face-to-face diplomacy social neuroscience and international relations
Holmes, M. (2019) · Cited by 18
Eimontaite, I., Schindler, I., Marco, M. D., Duzzi, D., Venneri, A., & Goel, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00741 · Cited by 18
“In a follow-up study, after interaction in the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, participants had to observe pain induction to cooperative opponents and this increased their anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex activation (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundWhat stops revenge taking? Effects of observed emotional reactions on revenge seeking
Eder, A. B., Mitschke, V., & Gollwitzer, M. (2020) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21890 · Cited by 18
Soravia, L. M., Moggi, F., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01180-y · Cited by 19
Roy, R., & Das, G. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.073 · Cited by 19
Milyavsky, M., Kruglanski, A. W., Gelfand, M. J., Chernikova, M., Ellenberg, M. D., & Pierro, A. (2022) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2022.2037986 · Cited by 21
“Women are found to be more empathic than men (Eisenberg & Lennon, 1983; Knickmeyer, Baron-Cohen, Raggatt, Taylor, & Hackett, 2006; Mehrabian, Young, & Sato, 1988; Rueckert & Naybar, 2008; Singer et al., 2006) and they exhibit less social loafing than men (Karau & Williams, 1993; Kugihara, 1999).”
BackgroundJoy, Schadenfreude, Sorrow, and Resentment as Responses Restoring Balance in Cognitive Units
Pietraszkiewicz, A., & Wojciszke, B. (2014) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000174 · Cited by 18
Oxytocin instantiates empathy and produces prosocial behaviors
Barraza, J. A., & Zak, P. J. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139017855.022 · Cited by 18
Empathy in female submissive BDSM practitioners
Luo, S., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.027 · Cited by 18
“, 2016), affective link (Singer et al., 2006), cultural background and genetic makeup (Zuo and Han, 2013; Luo et al.”
Decety, J., & Lamm, C. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002048 · Cited by 11
Empatía, cognición social y trastornos del espectro autista
Ruggieri, V. L. (2013) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.56s01.2012666 · Cited by 20
“Un hallazgo apasionante fue el realizado por Singer et al [39] en un trabajo en el cual observaban, a través de RMf, la respuesta a la observación de dolor de una persona honesta.”
BackgroundMoral transgression modulates empathy for pain: Evidence from ERP and EEG data
Chen, T., Li, Q., Peng, M., & Li, X. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108467 · Cited by 16
Empathy for pain in individuals influenced by moral identity: Evidence from an ERP study
Wang, H., Ao, L., Gao, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114202 · Cited by 21
Pain recognition and pain empathy from a human-centered AI perspective
Cao, S., Fu, D., Xu, Y., Wermter, S., Liu, X., & Wu, H. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110570 · Cited by 28
“75 An AI agent with human-like empathic responses is considered more caring, likable, and trustworthy.”
“It wasn’t your fault, but …...”: Schadenfreude about an undeserved misfortune
Berndsen, M., Tiggemann, M., & Chapman, S. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9639-1 · Cited by 17
Dembinski, M. (2016) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066116681059 · Cited by 17
“…established in the social sciences, for example, in organizational theory (Greenberg and Colquitt, 2008; Konovsky, 2000), experimental economics (Binmore, 2005), sociology (Jost and Kay, 2010), social neuroscience (Singer, 2007; Singer et al., 2006), criminology, and anthropology (Boehm, 2001).”
BackgroundBrain Structural and Functional Substrates of Personal Distress in Empathy
Luo, S., Zhong, S., Zhu, Y., Wang, C., Yang, J., Gu, L., Huang, Y., Xie, X., Zheng, S., Zhou, H., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00099 · Cited by 17
“…Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2018 | Volume 12 | Article 99 participants’ subjective feelings, which reflects the affective component of empathy (Wicker et al., 2003; Singer et al., 2004, 2006, 2008; Jabbi et al., 2007, 2008; Lamm et al., 2007, 2011; Prehn-Kristensen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBalconi, M., Kopiś-Posiej, N., & Angioletti, L. (2020) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05867-y · Cited by 17
Mirror Neurons: How We Become What We See
Barry, A. M. (2009) · Visual Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15551390902803820 · Cited by 17
“Not only did the men show less empathy, but they also showed positive delight, as the reward center in the left nucleus accumbens lit up the brain scans (Singer et al., 2006).”
BackgroundDu, X., Zhang, M., Wei, D., Li, W., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082534 · Cited by 17
“Only male subjects were included to avoid confusion related to potential gender specific differences in social behavior and reward processing [21-23].”
BackgroundPlacebo forte: Ways to maximize unspecific treatment effects
Schneider, R., & Kühl, J. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.022 · Cited by 18
Neuroeconomics: Opening the “black box” behind the economic behavior
Yu, R., & Zhou, X. (2007) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0193-1 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Wellcome Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Singer, Tania
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 439
- Issue
- 7075
- Pages
- 466-469
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2636868
- OpenAlex
- W2098425678
- Semantic Scholar
- a9adbab6dae28c23a205786c725a988649d155ef
- Cited by
- 1,726
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 111 · 2012: 100
- FWCI
- 139.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (078865)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- empathy, perceived fairness, social preferences, schadenfreude, altruistic punishment, revenge, sex differences, anterior cingulate cortex, reward processing, economic games, corporal punishment
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Empathy, Female, Game Theory, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Pain, Photic Stimulation, Punishment, Reward, Sex Characteristics, Social Justice
About these checks
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