The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reductive glutamine metabolism by IDH1 mediates lipogenesis under hypoxia
Open accessAbstract
Acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) is the central biosynthetic precursor for fatty-acid synthesis and protein acetylation. In the conventional view of mammalian cell metabolism, AcCoA is primarily generated from glucose-derived pyruvate through the citrate shuttle and ATP citrate lyase in the cytosol. However, proliferating cells that exhibit aerobic glycolysis and those exposed to hypoxia convert glucose to lactate at near-stoichiometric levels, directing glucose carbon away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty-acid synthesis. Although glutamine is consumed at levels exceeding that required for nitrogen biosynthesis, the regulation and use of glutamine metabolism in hypoxic cells is not well understood. Here we show that human cells use reductive metabolism of α-ketoglutarate to synthesize AcCoA for lipid synthesis. This isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)-dependent pathway is active in most cell lines under normal culture conditions, but cells grown under hypoxia rely almost exclusively on the reductive carboxylation of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate for de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, renal cell lines deficient in the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein preferentially use reductive glutamine metabolism for lipid biosynthesis even at normal oxygen levels. These results identify a critical role for oxygen in regulating carbon use to produce AcCoA and support lipid synthesis in mammalian cells.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation promotes the upregulation of the glutamine transporter, SLC38A2, which increases the dependency of cells to glutamine and correlates with poorer survival in patients with breast cancer [58]”
From The HIF Axes in Cancer - Angiogenesis, Metabolism and Immune-Modulation (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the context of constitutive HIF-2α stabilization75 or a defective mitochondrial electron transport chain76, glutamine-derived α-KG is reductively carboxylated through the consumption of NADPH by IDH2 to generate citrate.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [75]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Similarly, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors625–627 and glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors628–634 are also considered potential candidates for treating Myc-overexpressing cancers.”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [631]
In the citing paper
“Citrate, generated by reductive carboxylation of α-KG, is especially crucial for lipid synthesis under low-oxygen conditions24,25.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“and switch the fate of glutamine from the oxidative pathway into the reductive carboxylation pathway24.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Glutamine acts as an alternative fuel for fatty acid synthesis, supplying citrate via mitochondrial reductive carboxylation, especially under hypoxic conditions74,75.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Alternatively, proliferating cells under hypoxia have been reported to predominantly reductively carboxylate glutamine generated α-ketoglutarate through IDH 1/2 to generate M5 citrate (Figure 4A) (Metallo, 2012).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Metallo, 2012
In the citing paper
“Previous reports showed that reductive carboxylation is a critical pathway to support the growth of tumor cells under hypoxia (Metallo, 2012; Mullen, 2012).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Metallo, 2012
In the citing paper
“The upregulation of the reductive carboxylation pathway enhances cancer cells proliferation (Metallo, 2012; Mullen, 2012; Wise et al., 2011).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Metallo, 2012
In the citing paper
“For example, under conditions of hypoxia or impaired mitochondrial respiration, certain reactions of the TCA cycle reverse to support glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation (92, 122, 123).”
From Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle (2023) · cites this paper as [122]
In the citing paper
“In a process referred to as reductive carboxylation, a section of the TCA cycle reverses itself, converting α-ketoglutarate into citrate, which can be then used to generate a source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA (Metallo et al., 2012; Wise et al., 2011).”
From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Citrate is generated by citrate synthase (CS) or through the reduction of α-ketoglutarate by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH).79–81”
From The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“Citrate levels, however, were markedly decreased in Mpc1KD or Mpc2KD (Mpc1/2KD) cells, as this metabolite is generated predominantly from pyruvate-derived AcCoA under normal growth conditions (Metallo et al., 2012).”
From Regulation of Substrate Utilization by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (2014) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Glutamine can contribute carbon to fatty acid synthesis via reductive carboxylation or oxidative glutaminolysis.”
From Regulation of Substrate Utilization by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (2014) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“The former pathway is highly active in cells proliferating under hypoxia or those with a compromised respiratory chain (Metallo et al., 2012; Mullen et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2011; Wise et al., 2011), while the latter pathway has been observed in B cell lymphoma (Le et al., 2012).”
From Regulation of Substrate Utilization by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (2014) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“This switch to reductive versus oxidative metabolism of α-KG is regulated in part by HIF-1α (71, 72), although the exact mechanism by which HIF-1α does so remains unclear.”
From Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function (2013) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“Although oxidation of glutamine-derived α-KG in the TCA cycle serves as a minor source of lipogenic acetyl-CoA under normal growth conditions, α-KG can be converted to citrate through reductive carboxylation under conditions of stress such as hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction (70–72).”
From Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function (2013) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“The work from Metallo and colleagues (71) suggests that T cells can use reductive glutamine metabolism for fatty acid biosynthesis under hypoxic conditions.”
From Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function (2013) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“In place of oxidative metabolism of both glucose and glutamine, these cancers preferentially perform reductive and carboxylating biosynthetic reactions from glutamine carbon (Le et al., 2012; Metallo et al., 2012; Mullen et al., 2012; Wise et al., 2011).”
From Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate (2012) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Recently three independent reports implicated IDH-dependent reductive carboxylation as playing a particularly important role in proliferating cells that exhibit decreased flux of glucose-derived pyruvate into the mitochondria. This occurs in hypoxic cells or in cells harboring defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Metallo et al., 2012; Mullen et al., 2012; Wise et al., 2011).”
From Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate (2012) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“tumor cells with mutations in the TCA cycle or ETC (Mullen et al., 2011), or with hypoxia-induced suppression of oxidative metabolism (Metallo et al., 2011; Scott et al., 2011; Wise et al., 2011) use reductive carboxylation of α-KG to produce citrate and other precursors during growth.”
From Cellular Metabolism and Disease: What Do Metabolic Outliers Teach Us? (2012) · cites this paper as Metallo et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex
Sarbassov, D. D., Guertin, D. A., Ali, S. M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106148 · Cited by 6,216
Jaakkola, P., Mole, D. R., Tian, Y.-M., Wilson, M. I., Gielbert, J., Gaskell, S. J., Kriegsheim, A. V., Hebestreit, H. F., Mukherji, M., Schofield, C. J., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059796 · Cited by 5,535
HIFα Targeted for VHL-Mediated Destruction by Proline Hydroxylation: Implications for O 2 Sensing
Ivan, M., Kondo, K., Yang, H., Kim, W., Valiando, J., Ohh, M., Salic, A., Asara, J. M., Lane, W. S., & Kaelin Jr., W. G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059817 · Cited by 4,735 · cited 1×
“The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor protein is frequently lost in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and results in a state of ‘pseudohypoxia’ by activating HIF signallin”
BackgroundKim, J.-W., Tchernyshyov, I., Semenza, G. L., & Dang, C. V. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.002 · Cited by 3,905
T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection.
Hogquist, K., Jameson, S., Heath, W., Howard, J. L., Bevan, M., & Carbone, F. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4 · Cited by 3,252
DeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Daikhin, E., Nissim, I., Yudkoff, M., Wehrli, S., & Thompson, C. B. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709747104 · Cited by 2,622
ATP-citrate lyase links cellular metabolism to histone acetylation
Wellen, K. E., Hatzivassiliou, G., Sachdeva, U. M., Bui, T. V., Cross, J. R., & Thompson, C. B. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164097 · Cited by 2,298
HIF-1 mediates adaptation to hypoxia by actively downregulating mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Papandreou, I., Cairns, R. A., Fontana, L., Lim, A. L., & Denko, N. C. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.012 · Cited by 2,267
Gao, P., Tchernyshyov, I., Chang, T.-C., Lee, Y.-S., Kita, K., Ochi, T., Zeller, K. I., De Marzo, A. M., Van Eyk, J. E., Mendell, J. T., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07823 · Cited by 2,124
Ward, P. S., Patel, J., Wise, D. R., Abdel-Wahab, O., Bennett, B. D., Coller, H. A., Cross, J. R., Fantin, V. R., Hedvat, C. V., Perl, A. E., et al. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.01.020 · Cited by 2,020
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism
Pavlova, N. N., & Thompson, C. B. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.006 · Cited by 5,926
Comprehensive molecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12222 · Cited by 3,485
Metabolic Reprogramming: A Cancer Hallmark Even Warburg Did Not Anticipate
Ward, P. S., & Thompson, C. B. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.014 · Cited by 3,233
Aerobic glycolysis: Meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation
Lunt, S. Y., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2011) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237 · Cited by 3,057
Fundamentals of Cancer Metabolism
DeBerardinis, R. J., & Chandel, N. S. (2016) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600200 · Cited by 3,013
Posttranscriptional Control of T Cell Effector Function by Aerobic Glycolysis
Chang, C.-H., Curtis, J. D., Maggi, L. B., Faubert, B., Villarino, A. V., O’Sullivan, D., Huang, S. C.-C., van der Windt, G. J. W., Blagih, J., Qiu, J., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.016 · Cited by 2,204
From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy
Altman, B. J., Stine, Z. E., & Dang, C. V. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.71 · Cited by 2,119
Cellular Fatty Acid Metabolism and Cancer
Currie, E., Schulze, A., Zechner, R., Walther, T. C., & Farese, R. V. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.017 · Cited by 2,123
Kleeff, J., Korc, M., Apte, M., La Vecchia, C., Johnson, C. D., Biankin, A. V., Neale, R. E., Tempero, M., Tuveson, D. A., Hruban, R. H., et al. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.22 · Cited by 1,982
The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism
Spinelli, J. B., & Haigis, M. C. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1 · Cited by 1,935
Macropinocytosis of protein is an amino acid supply route in Ras-transformed cells
Commisso, C., Davidson, S. M., Soydaner-Azeloglu, R. G., Parker, S. J., Kamphorst, J. J., Hackett, S., Grabocka, E., Nofal, M., Drebin, J. A., Thompson, C. B., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12138 · Cited by 1,683
Self-citationThe multifaceted roles of fatty acid synthesis in cancer
Röhrig, F., & Schulze, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.89 · Cited by 1,651
Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer
Koundouros, N., & Poulogiannis, G. (2019) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0650-z · Cited by 1,669
Cancer metabolism: a therapeutic perspective
Martinez-Outschoorn, U. E., Peiris-Pagés, M., Pestell, R. G., Sotgia, F., & Lisanti, M. P. (2017) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.60 · Cited by 1,505
The hallmarks of cancer metabolism: still emerging
Pavlova, N. N., Zhu, J., & Thompson, C. B. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.007 · Cited by 1,418
Birsoy, K., Wang, T., Chen, W. W., Freinkman, E., Abu-Remaileh, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.016 · Cited by 1,388
Targeting mitochondria metabolism for cancer therapy
Weinberg, S. E., & Chandel, N. S. (2014) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1712 · Cited by 1,420
Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger
Pietrocola, F., Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Madeo, F., & Kroemer, G. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.014 · Cited by 1,378
Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function
Pearce, E. L., Poffenberger, M. C., Chang, C.-H., & Jones, R. G. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1242454 · Cited by 1,363
Santos, C. R., & Schulze, A. (2012) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08644.x · Cited by 1,371
HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations
Semenza, G. L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci67230 · Cited by 1,335
Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer
Porporato, P. E., Filigheddu, N., Pedro, J. M. B., Kroemer, G., & Galluzzi, L. (2017) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2017.155 · Cited by 1,323
Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities
Hensley, C. T., Wasti, A. T., & DeBerardinis, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci69600 · Cited by 1,262
Oxygen Sensing, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors, and Disease Pathophysiology
Semenza, G. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104720 · Cited by 1,180
ROS homeostasis and metabolism: a dangerous liason in cancer cells
Panieri, E., & Santoro, M. M. (2016) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.105 · Cited by 1,187
Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion
Sousa, C. M., Biancur, D. E., Wang, X., Halbrook, C. J., Sherman, M. H., Zhang, L., Kremer, D., Hwang, R. F., Witkiewicz, A. K., Ying, H., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19084 · Cited by 1,122
Glucose-Independent Glutamine Metabolism via TCA Cycling for Proliferation and Survival in B Cells
Le, A., Lane, A. N., Hamaker, M., Bose, S., Gouw, A., Barbi, J., Tsukamoto, T., Rojas, C. J., Slusher, B. S., Zhang, H., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.12.009 · Cited by 1,095
Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism
Yoo, H. C., Yu, Y. C., Sung, Y., & Han, J. M. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8 · Cited by 1,021
Links between metabolism and cancerPreprint
Dang, C. V. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.189365.112 · Cited by 1,021
Tumour acidosis: from the passenger to the driver's seat
Corbet, C., & Féron, O. (2017) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.77 · Cited by 1,028
Bian, X., Liu, R. R., Meng, Y., Xing, D., Xu, D., & Lu, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20201606 · Cited by 1,037
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors: Master Regulators of Cancer Progression
Schito, L., & Semenza, G. L. (2016) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.016 · Cited by 962
Cancer Cell Metabolism: One Hallmark, Many Faces
Cantor, J. R., & Sabatini, D. M. (2012) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0345 · Cited by 989
How cancer metabolism is tuned for proliferation and vulnerable to disruption
Schulze, A., & Harris, A. L. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11706 · Cited by 945
Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism
Zhao, H., Yang, L., Baddour, J., Achreja, A., Bernard, V., Moss, T., Marini, J. C., Tudawe, T., Seviour, E. G., San Lucas, F. A., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.10250 · Cited by 927
Glutaminolysis: A Hallmark of Cancer Metabolism
Yang, L., Venneti, S., & Nagrath, D. (2017) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044546 · Cited by 859
Cellular Metabolism and Disease: What Do Metabolic Outliers Teach Us?
DeBerardinis, R. J., & Thompson, C. B. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.032 · Cited by 858
Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer
Cheng, C., Geng, F., Cheng, X., & Guo, D. (2018) · 癌症：英文版 · doi:10.1186/s40880-018-0301-4 · Cited by 880
Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing
Jang, C., Chen, L., & Rabinowitz, J. D. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.055 · Cited by 841
Reprogramming of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism for cancer progression
Li, Z., & Zhang, H. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2070-4 · Cited by 840
Lieu, E. L., Nguyen, T. A., Rhyne, S., & Kim, J. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-0375-3 · Cited by 847
Schug, Z. T., Peck, B., Jones, D. T., Zhang, Q., Grosskurth, S., Alam, I. S., Goodwin, L. M., Smethurst, E., Mason, S., Blyth, K., et al. (2015) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.002 · Cited by 820
Transcriptional control of autophagy-lysosome function drives pancreatic cancer metabolism
Perera, R. M., Stoykova, S., Nicolay, B. N., Ross, K. N., Fitamant, J., Boukhali, M., Lengrand, J., Deshpande, V., Selig, M. K., Ferrone, C. R., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14587 · Cited by 799
Self-citationPyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis
Anastasiou, D., Yu, Y., Israelsen, W. J., Jiang, J.-K., Boxer, M. B., Hong, B. S., Tempel, W., Dimov, S., Shen, M., Jha, A., et al. (2012) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1060 · Cited by 816
Self-citationTargeting oncogenic Myc as a strategy for cancer treatment
Chen, H., Liu, H., & Qing, G. (2018) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-018-0008-7 · Cited by 834
An Integrated Metabolic Atlas of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Hakimi, A. A., Reznik, E., Lee, C., Creighton, C. J., Brannon, A. R., Luna, A., Aksoy, B. A., Liu, E. M., Shen, R., Lee, W., et al. (2016) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.12.004 · Cited by 815
Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer
Sun, L., Zhang, H., & Gao, P. (2021) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7 · Cited by 818
Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and tumour development
Baenke, F., Peck, B., Miess, H., & Schulze, A. (2013) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.011338 · Cited by 772
Mitochondrial Metabolism as a Target for Cancer Therapy
Vasan, K., Werner, M., & Chandel, N. S. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.019 · Cited by 762
Hypoxia and Metabolic Adaptation of Cancer Cells
Eales, K. L., Hollinshead, K. E. R., & Tennant, D. A. (2016) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/oncsis.2015.50 · Cited by 724
Kamphorst, J. J., Cross, J. R., Fan, J., de Stanchina, E., Mathew, R., White, E. P., Thompson, C. B., & Rabinowitz, J. D. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307237110 · Cited by 726
Metabolic targets for cancer therapy
Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., Heiden, M. G. V., & Kroemer, G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4145 · Cited by 731
Comerford, S. A., Huang, Z., Du, X., Wang, Y., Cai, L., Witkiewicz, A. K., Walters, H., Tantawy, M. N., Fu, A., Manning, H. C., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.020 · Cited by 681
Metabolic Regulation of Epigenetics
Lu, C., & Thompson, C. B. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.001 · Cited by 699
Yang, C., Ko, B., Hensley, C. T., Jiang, L., Wasti, A. T., Kim, J., Sudderth, J., Calvaruso, M. A., Lumata, L., Mitsche, M., et al. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.025 · Cited by 679
Metabolic programming and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment
Arner, E. N., & Rathmell, J. C. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.009 · Cited by 715
Hosios, A. M., Hecht, V. C., Danai, L. V., Johnson, M. O., Rathmell, J. C., Steinhauser, M. L., Manalis, S. R., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2016) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.012 · Cited by 641
Mitochondria and Mitochondrial ROS in Cancer: Novel Targets for Anticancer Therapy
Yang, Y., Karakhanova, S., Hartwig, W., D’Haese, J. G., Philippov, P. P., Werner, J., & Bazhin, A. V. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25349 · Cited by 687
Bensaad, K., Favaro, E., Lewis, C. A., Peck, B., Lord, S., Collins, J. M., Pinnick, K. E., Wigfield, S., Buffa, F. M., Li, J., et al. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.056 · Cited by 667
Keap1 loss promotes Kras-driven lung cancer and results in dependence on glutaminolysis
Romero, R., Sayin, V. I., Davidson, S. M., Bauer, M. R., Singh, S. X., LeBoeuf, S. E., Karakousi, T. R., Ellis, D. C., Bhutkar, A., Sánchez-Rivera, F. J., et al. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4407 · Cited by 652
How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells?
Icard, P., Shulman, S. D., Farhat, D., Steyaert, J., Alifano, M., & Lincet, H. (2018) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001 · Cited by 664
Mitochondrial composition and function under the control of hypoxia
Fuhrmann, D. C., & Brüne, B. (2017) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.012 · Cited by 665
A roadmap for interpreting 13C metabolite labeling patterns from cells
Buescher, J. M., Antoniewicz, M. R., Boros, L. G., Burgess, S. C., Brunengraber, H., Clish, C. B., DeBerardinis, R. J., Féron, O., Frezza, C., Ghesquière, B., et al. (2015) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2015.02.003 · Cited by 644
Self-citationMechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion
Campbell, J. E., & Newgard, C. B. (2021) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-00317-7 · Cited by 682
Endothelial Cell Metabolism in Normal and Diseased Vasculature
Eelen, G., de Zeeuw, P., Simons, M., & Carmeliet, P. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.302855 · Cited by 637
Tracing compartmentalized NADPH metabolism in the cytosol and mitochondria of mammalian cells
Lewis, C. A., Parker, S. J., Fiske, B. P., McCloskey, D., Gui, D. Y., Green, C. R., Vokes, N. I., Feist, A. M., Vander Heiden, M. G., & Metallo, C. M. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.008 · Cited by 562
Self-citationWhat a difference a hydroxyl makes: mutant IDH, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and cancer
Losman, J.-A., & Kaelin, W. G. (2013) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.217406.113 · Cited by 570
Reductive carboxylation supports redox homeostasis during anchorage-independent growth
Jiang, L., Shestov, A. A., Swain, P., Yang, C., Parker, S. J., Wang, Q. A., Terada, L. S., Adams, N. D., McCabe, M. T., Pietrak, B., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17393 · Cited by 582
Self-citationLipid droplet functions beyond energy storage
Welte, M. A., & Gould, A. P. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.006 · Cited by 599
Metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Wettersten, H. I., Aboud, O. A., Lara, P. N., & Weiss, R. H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.59 · Cited by 587
Emerging insights into the molecular and cellular basis of glioblastomaPreprint
Dunn, G. P., Rinne, M. L., Wykosky, J., Genovese, G., Quayle, S. N., Dunn, I. F., Agarwalla, P. K., Chheda, M. G., Campos, B., Wang, A., et al. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.187922.112 · Cited by 573
Metabolic switching and fuel choice during T‐cell differentiation and memory development
van der Windt, G. J. W., & Pearce, E. L. (2012) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01150.x · Cited by 563
PDK1-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming Dictates Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer
Dupuy, F., Tabariès, S., Andrzejewski, S., Dong, Z., Blagih, J., Annis, M. G., Omeroglu, A., Gao, D., Leung, S., Amir, E., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.007 · Cited by 558
Tardito, S., Oudin, A., Ahmed, S. U., Fack, F., Keunen, O., Zheng, L., Miletic, H., Sakariassen, P. Ø., Weinstock, A., Wagner, A., et al. (2015) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3272 · Cited by 557
The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism
Anderson, N. M., Mucka, P., Kern, J. G., & Feng, H. (2017) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-017-0451-1 · Cited by 586
Cancer Metabolism: Phenotype, Signaling and Therapeutic Targets
Park, J. H., Pyun, W. Y., & Park, H. W. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102308 · Cited by 571
ATP-Citrate Lyase: A Key Player in Cancer Metabolism
Zaidi, N., Swinnen, J. V., & Smans, K. A. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-4112 · Cited by 573
Svensson, R. U., Parker, S. J., Eichner, L. J., Kolar, M. J., Wallace, M., Brun, S. N., Lombardo, P. S., Van Nostrand, J. L., Hutchins, A., Vera, L., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4181 · Cited by 536
Self-citationFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase opposes renal carcinoma progression
Li, B., Qiu, B., Lee, D. S. M., Walton, Z. E., Ochocki, J. D., Mathew, L. K., Mancuso, A., Gade, T. P. F., Keith, B., Nissim, I., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13557 · Cited by 535
Hypoxia Induces Production of L-2-Hydroxyglutarate
Intlekofer, A. M., Dematteo, R. G., Venneti, S., Finley, L. W. S., Lu, C., Judkins, A. R., Rustenburg, A. S., Grinaway, P. B., Chodera, J. D., Cross, J. R., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.023 · Cited by 513
A two-way street: reciprocal regulation of metabolism and signalling
Wellen, K. E., & Thompson, C. B. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3305 · Cited by 528
Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle
Arnold, P. K., & Finley, L. W. S. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102838 · Cited by 535
“During reductive carboxylation, glutamine-derived αKG is converted to isocitrate and then to citrate through reverse isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and aconitase (ACO) activity, respectively (122, 123).”
BackgroundCordes, T., Wallace, M., Michelucci, A., Divakaruni, A. S., Sapcariu, S. C., Sousa, C., Koseki, H., Cabrales, P., Murphy, A. N., Hiller, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.685792 · Cited by 526
Self-citationAnalysis and Interpretation of Microplate-Based Oxygen Consumption and pH Data
Divakaruni, A. S., Paradyse, A. R., Ferrick, D. A., Murphy, A. N., & Jastroch, M. (2014) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801415-8.00016-3 · Cited by 543
The effect of HIF on metabolism and immunity
Taylor, C. T., & Scholz, C. C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-022-00587-8 · Cited by 517
IDH mutations in cancer and progress toward development of targeted therapeutics
Dang, L., Yen, K., & Attar, E. C. (2016) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw013 · Cited by 509
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer
Boland, M. L., Chourasia, A. H., & Macleod, K. F. (2013) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2013.00292 · Cited by 521
Pyruvate carboxylase is critical for non–small-cell lung cancer proliferation
Sellers, K., Fox, M. P., Bousamra, M., Slone, S. P., Higashi, R. M., Miller, D. M., Wang, Y., Yan, J., Yuneva, M. O., Deshpande, R., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci72873 · Cited by 497
Therapeutic targeting of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment
Singleton, D. C., Macann, A., & Wilson, W. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00539-4 · Cited by 507
BCAT1 promotes cell proliferation through amino acid catabolism in gliomas carrying wild-type IDH1
Tönjes, M., Barbus, S., Park, Y. J., Wang, W., Schlotter, M., Lindroth, A. M., Pleier, S. V., Bai, A. H. C., Karra, D., Piro, R. M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3217 · Cited by 486
Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Jin, H.-R., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Xi, M., Xia, B., Deng, K., & Yang, J. (2023) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-023-01498-2 · Cited by 537
Self-citationLiu, W., Le, A., Hancock, C., Lane, A. N., Dang, C. V., Fan, T. W.-M., & Phang, J. M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1203244109 · Cited by 483
Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia
Gao, X. J., Lin, S., Ren, F., Li, J.-T., Chen, J.-J., Yao, C.-B., Yang, H., Jiang, S.-X., Yan, G.-Q., Wang, D., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11960 · Cited by 494
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism fuels adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis
Green, C. R., Wallace, M., Divakaruni, A. S., Phillips, S. A., Murphy, A. N., Ciaraldi, T. P., & Metallo, C. M. (2016) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1961 · Cited by 471
Self-citationHIF drives lipid deposition and cancer in ccRCC via repression of fatty acid metabolism
Du, W., Zhang, L., Brett-Morris, A., Aguila, B., Kerner, J., Hoppel, C. L., Puchowicz, M., Serra, D., Herrero, L., Rini, B. I., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01965-8 · Cited by 468
IDH1andIDH2Mutations in Tumorigenesis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Perspectives
Yang, H., Ye, D., Guan, K., & Xiong, Y. (2012) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1773 · Cited by 477
Glutaminolysis as a target for cancer therapy
Jin, L., Alesi, G. N., & Kang, S. (2016) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2015.447 · Cited by 459
Extreme vulnerability of IDH1 mutant cancers to NAD+ depletion
Tateishi, K., Wakimoto, H., Iafrate, A. J., Tanaka, S., Loebel, F., Lelic, N., Wiederschain, D., Bedel, O., Deng, G., Zhang, B., et al. (2015) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.11.006 · Cited by 433
Oncogenic Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations: Mechanisms, Models, and Clinical Opportunities
Cairns, R. A., & Mak, T. W. (2013) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0083 · Cited by 452
Metabolism of stromal and immune cells in health and disease
Ghesquière, B., Wong, B. W., Kuchnio, A., & Carmeliet, P. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13312 · Cited by 466
Metadata
- Authors
- Metallo, C. M., Gameiro, P. A., Bell, E. L., Mattaini, K. R., Yang, J., Hiller, K., Jewell, C. M., Johnson, Z. R., Irvine, D. J., Guarente, L., Kelleher, J. K., Vander Heiden, M. G., Iliopoulos, O., & Stephanopoulos, G.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iliopoulos, Othon
- Stephanopoulos, Gregory
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2011-11-20
- Volume
- 481
- Issue
- 7381
- Pages
- 380-384
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3710581
- OpenAlex
- W2116516144
- Cited by
- 1,791
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 135 · 2016: 129 · 2015: 125 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 112 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 34.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- Agios Pharmaceuticals
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160458, R01CA122591, P30CA014051)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK075850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- IDH1, lipogenesis, hypoxia, reductive carboxylation, alpha-ketoglutarate, acetyl-CoA, fatty acid synthesis, VHL, renal cell carcinoma, cancer metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, aerobic glycolysis
- MeSH terms
- Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1, Acetyl Coenzyme A, Carbon, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Cells, Cultured, Citric Acid Cycle, Glutamine, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Ketoglutaric Acids, Kidney Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Cell Hypoxia, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Palmitic Acid, Cell Line, Tumor, Lipogenesis, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
