Boosting intracellular delivery of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA
Open accessAbstract
Intracellular delivery of mRNA holds great potential for vaccine1-3 and therapeutic4 discovery and development. Despite increasing recognition of the utility of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) for intracellular delivery of mRNA, particle engineering is hindered by insufficient understanding of endosomal escape, which is believed to be a main limiter of cytosolic availability and activity of the nucleic acid inside the cell. Using a series of CRISPR-based genetic perturbations of the lysosomal pathway, we have identified that late endosome/lysosome (LE/Ly) formation is essential for functional delivery of exogenously presented mRNA. Lysosomes provide a spatiotemporal hub to orchestrate mTOR signaling and are known to control cell proliferation, nutrient sensing, ribosomal biogenesis, and mRNA translation. Through modulation of the mTOR pathway we were able to enhance or inhibit LNP-mediated mRNA delivery. To further boost intracellular delivery of mRNA, we screened 212 bioactive lipid-like molecules that are either enriched in vesicular compartments or modulate cell signaling. Surprisingly, we have discovered that leukotriene-antagonists, clinically approved for treatment of asthma and other lung diseases, enhance intracellular mRNA delivery in vitro (over 3-fold, p < 0.005) and in vivo (over 2-fold, p < 0.005). Understanding LNP-mediated intracellular delivery will inspire the next generation of RNA therapeutics that have high potency and limited toxicity.
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Recruitment of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 to the lysosomal membrane is key to trigger translation of delivered mRNA.
“By contrast, the recruitment of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 to the lysosomal membrane was key to trigger the translation of delivered mRNA [122].”
From Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Patel, S., Ashwanikumar, N., Robinson, E., DuRoss, A., Sun, C., Murphy-Benenato, K. E., Mihai, C., Almarsson, Ö., & Sahay, G.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Moderna Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sahay, Gaurav
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-08-24
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5711-5718
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- PMC
- PMC5623340
- OpenAlex
- W2748490245
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nano Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (1R15EB021581-01)
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
- Moderna Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Keywords
- lipid nanoparticles, mRNA delivery, endosomal escape, lysosome formation, late endosomes, mTOR signaling, leukotriene antagonists, RNA therapeutics, vaccine delivery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Female, HeLa Cells, Humans, Lipids, Lysosomes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Endosomes, RNA, Messenger, Signal Transduction, Gene Transfer Techniques, Lipid Metabolism, Nanoparticles, Hep G2 Cells, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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