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The promise and peril of chemical probes
Open accessAbstract
Chemical probes are powerful reagents with increasing impacts on biomedical research. However, probes of poor quality or that are used incorrectly generate misleading results. To help address these shortcomings, we will create a community-driven wiki resource to improve quality and convey current best practice.
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Leung, R., Wolf, E., Deme, J. C., Balakrishnan, S., Simoben, C. V., Feng, S., Macdonald, J. D., Chandrasekaran, R., Sun, J., Wang, X., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689733
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of canSAR chemistry registration and standardization pipeline
Dolciami, D., Villasclaras-Fernández, E. D., Kannas, C. C., Meniconi, M., Al‐Lazikani, B., & Antolín, A. A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19920885
Metadata
- Authors
- Arrowsmith, C. H., Audia, J. E., Austin, C., Baell, J., Bennett, J., Blagg, J., Bountra, C., Brennan, P. E., Brown, P. J., Bunnage, M. E., Buser-Doepner, C., Campbell, R. M., Carter, A. J., Cohen, P., Copeland, R. A., Cravatt, B., Dahlin, J. L., Dhanak, D., Edwards, A. M., Frederiksen, M., Frye, S. V., Gray, N., Grimshaw, C. E., Hepworth, D., Howe, T., Huber, K. V. M., Jin, J., Knapp, S., Kotz, J. D., Kruger, R. G., Lowe, D., Mader, M. M., Marsden, B., Mueller-Fahrnow, A., Müller, S., O'Hagan, R. C., Overington, J. P., Owen, D. R., Rosenberg, S. H., Ross, R., Roth, B., Schapira, M., Schreiber, S. L., Shoichet, B., Sundström, M., Superti-Furga, G., Taunton, J., Toledo-Sherman, L., Walpole, C., Walters, M. A., Willson, T. M., Workman, P., Young, R. N., & Zuercher, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Monash University (AU)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Structural Genomics Consortium (CA)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) (DE)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Epizyme (United States) (US)
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Janssen (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
- AbbVie (United States) (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, Aled M
- ORCID
- Arrowsmith, Cheryl H
- Audia, James E
- Austin, Christopher
- Baell, Jonathan
- Blagg, Julian
- Bountra, Chas
- Brennan, Paul E
- Brown, Peter J
- Bunnage, Mark E
- Campbell, Robert M
- Carter, Adrian J
- Cohen, Philip
- Copeland, Robert A
- Dahlin, Jayme L
- Edwards, Aled M
- Frederiksen, Mathias
- Frye, Stephen V
- Gray, Nathanael
- Grimshaw, Charles E
- Hepworth, David
- Huber, Kilian V M
- Jin, Jian
- Knapp, Stefan
- Kotz, Joanne D
- Mader, Mary M
- Marsden, Brian
- Müller, Susanne
- Overington, John P
- Owen, Dafydd R
- Ross, Ruth
- Roth, Bryan
- Schapira, Matthieu
- Schreiber, Stuart L
- Shoichet, Brian
- Sundström, Michael
- Taunton, Jack
- Walters, Michael A
- Willson, Timothy M
- Workman, Paul
- Young, Robert N
- Zuercher, William J
- Venue
- Nature Chemical Biology
- Published
- 2015-07-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 536-541
- ISSN
- 1552-4450 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4469
- PMC
- PMC4706458
- OpenAlex
- W1516646538
- Cited by
- 839
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 103 · 2015: 25
- FWCI
- 48.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2015-10-20)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Chemical Biology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Harvard University
- University of Dundee
- Wellcome Trust (106169/Z/14/Z, 104104, 106169, 104104/A/14/Z, 100294)
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals
- Cancer Research UK (11566)
- University of Oxford
- Monash University
- Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- University of Toronto
- National Institutes of Health
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/K000985/1)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM103893)
- Janssen Research and Development
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Click Chemistry and Applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- chemical probes, best practices, wikis, research reproducibility, chemical biology
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Molecular Weight, Sensitivity and Specificity, Molecular Probes, Intellectual Property, Internet, Information Dissemination, Biomedical Research, Small Molecule Libraries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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