Therapy insight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
A number of well-designed epidemiological studies have linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several mechanisms could help to explain this proposed link, including insulin and insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Obesity or physical inactivity might also influence AD through effects on hypertension, insulin sensitivity or inflammation. Typical AD pathology, such as amyloid-beta deposits, might be exacerbated by insulin dysregulation, T2DM itself, or microvascular disease that is a consequence of T2DM. T2DM patients are not routinely evaluated for cognitive outcomes, and cognitive impairment in T2DM is rarely treated. Similarly, AD patients are not routinely evaluated for T2DM or hyperinsulinemia. Current treatments for AD have only modest benefits, and several drugs that target metabolic and inflammatory pathways are being evaluated, most notably the statins, which reduce LDL and inflammation but might not influence amyloid- deposition, an important precursor for AD. Although some evidence supports a potentially important role for peroxisome proliferative activated receptor agonists such as glitazones, at present there are no published randomized clinical trials in AD patients of any drugs that target insulin or insulin resistance. Clinical implications of the T2DM-AD link include cognitive evaluations of patients with T2DM, and potential benefits for such patients through treatment with statins or diabetes drugs that target insulin.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Both mild cognitive impairment and Type 2, as well as Type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.
“both mild cognitive impairment and Type 2, as well as Type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia (Ott et al., 1996; de Leon et al., 2001; Haan, 2006).”
From Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators (2008) · cites this paper as Haan, 2006
Both MCI and type 2, as well as type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.
“and both MCI and type 2, as well as type 1, diabetes are recognized as risk factors for dementia.117-119”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [118]
Cites
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Rosenberg, I. H., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Wolf, P. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011613 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Shumaker, S. A., Legault, C., Rapp, S. R., Thal, L., Wallace, R. B., Ockene, J. K., Hendrix, S. L., Jones III, B. N., Assaf, A. R., Jackson, R. D., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.20.2651 · Cited by 2,178 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H. A. P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1937 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Ceriello, A., & Motz, E. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000122852.22604.78 · Cited by 1,378 · see citing works
Obesity and Vascular Risk Factors at Midlife and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Kivipelto, M., Ngandu, T., Fratiglioni, L., Viitanen, M., Kåreholt, I., Winblad, B., Helkala, E.-L., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., & Nissinen, A. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.1556 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Lindsay, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf074 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function
Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.661 · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies
Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1256 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study
Whitmer, R. A., Gunderson, E. P., Barrett-Connor, E., Quesenberry, C. P., & Yaffe, K. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38446.466238.e0 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Collins, R., Armitage, J., Parish, S., Sleight, P., & Peto, R. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15690-0 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Rovio, S., Kåreholt, I., Helkala, E.-L., Viitanen, M., Winblad, B., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., Nissinen, A., & Kivipelto, M. (2005) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70198-8 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
Projection of Diabetes Burden Through 2050
Boyle, J. P., Honeycutt, A. A., Narayan, K. M. V., Hoerger, T. J., Geiss, L. S., Chen, H., & Thompson, T. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.11.1936 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Alzheimer Disease
Janson, J., Laedtke, T., Parisi, J. E., O’Brien, P., Petersen, R. C., & Butler, P. C. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.2.474 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms
Craft, S., & Stennis Watson, G. (2004) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00681-7 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
An 18-Year Follow-up of Overweight and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Gustafson, D., Rothenberg, E., Blennow, K., Steen, B., & Skoog, I. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Frölich, L., Blum-Degen, D., Bernstein, H.-G., Engelsberger, S., Humrich, J., Laufer, S., Muschner, D., Thalheimer, A., Türk, A., Hoyer, S., et al. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050068 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Inflammatory pathways and insulin action
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802502 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Early inflammation and dementia: A 25‐year follow‐up of the Honolulu‐Asia aging study
Schmidt, R., Schmidt, H., Curb, J. D., Masaki, K., White, L. R., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10265 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinemia and risk of Alzheimer disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Tang, M.-X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000140292.04932.87 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Stroke in a Multiethnic Cohort
Luchsinger, J. A. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.7.635 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Podewils, L. J. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi092 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Obesity, Regional Body Fat Distribution, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women
Goodpaster, B. H., Krishnaswami, S., Harris, T. B., Katsiaras, A., Kritchevsky, S. B., Simonsick, E. M., Nevitt, M., Holvoet, P., & Newman, A. B. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.7.777 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Watson, G. S., Cholerton, B. A., Reger, M. A., Baker, L. D., Plymate, S. R., Asthana, S., Fishel, M. A., Kulstad, J. J., Green, P. S., Cook, D. G., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.11.950 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Regulate Tau Phosphorylation in Cultured Human Neurons*
Hong, M., & Lee, V. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19547 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI, and rates of progression to dementia
Solfrizzi, V., Panza, F., Colacicco, A. M., D’Introno, A., Capurso, C., Torres, F., Grigoletto, F., Maggi, S., Del Parigi, A., Reiman, E. M., et al. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000144281.38555.e3 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes and atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures on brain MRI
den Heijer, T., Vermeer, S. E., van Dijk, E. J., Prins, N. D., Koudstaal, P. J., Albert Hofman, D., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1235-0 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Stewart, R., Masaki, K., Xue, Q.-L., Peila, R., Petrovitch, H., White, L. R., & Launer, L. J. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.1.55 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Mehta, Z., Cull, C., STRATTON, I. M., Yudkin, J. S., Jenkinson, C., Fletcher, A., Battersby, C., Holman, R. R., & Turner, R. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.7.1125 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Kuusisto, J., Koivisto, K. J., Mykkänen, L. M., Helkala, E.-L., Vanhanen, M., Hänninen, T., Kervinen, K., Kesäniemi, Y. A., Riekkinen, P. J., & Laakso, M. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7115.1045 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Simons, M., Schwärzler, F., Lütjohann, D., von Bergmann, K., Beyreuther, K. T., DICHGANS, J., Wormstall, H., Hartmann, T., & Schulz, J. B. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10292 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project
Xu, W., Qiu, C., Wåhlin, Å., Winblad, B. G., & Fratiglioni, L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000140291.86406.d1 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: preliminary results.
Sparks, D. L., Sabbagh, M. N., Connor, D. J., Lopez, J., Launer, L. J., Browne, P. J., Wasser, D., Johnson‐Traver, S., Lochhead, J. J., & Ziolwolski, C. (2005) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.5.753 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Reines, S. A., Block, G. A., Morris, J. C., Liu, G., Nessly, M. L., Lines, C. R., Norman, B., & Baranak, C. C. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.62.1.66 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Quadri, P., Fragiacomo, C., Pezzati, R., Zanda, E., Forloni, G., Tettamanti, M., & Lucca, U. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.1.114 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Central Obesity and the Aging Brain
Jagust, W. J., Harvey, D. J., Mungas, D., & Haan, M. N. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.1545 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationMacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E., & McDowell, I. (2002) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000064928 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Sommerfield, A. J., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.10.2335 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Homocysteine and brain atrophy on MRI of non-demented elderly
den Heijer, T., Vermeer, S. E., Clarke, R., Oudkerk, M., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg006 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Markers by Pioglitazone Is Independent From Glycemic Control
Pfützner, A., Marx, N., Lübben, G., Langenfeld, M. R. W., Walcher, D., Konrad, T., & Forst, T. M. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.041 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Weight Loss Precedes Dementia in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Barrett-Connor, E. L., Edelstein, S. L., Corey‐Bloom, J., & Wiederholt, W. C. (1996) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01362.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Similarities between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Kalaria, R. N. (2002) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(02)00256-3 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Small Vessel Disease and Alzheimer’s Dementia: Pathological Considerations
Kalaria, R. N. (2002) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000049150 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Longitudinal association of vascular and Alzheimer’s dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance
Curb, J. D., Rodríguez, B. L., Abbott, R. D., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G. W., Masaki, K., Foley, D. J., Blanchette, P. L., Harris, T. B., Chen, R., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.971 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
The Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events (PROactive)
Charbonnel, B. H., Dormandy, J., Erdmann, E., Massi‐Benedetti, M., Skene, A. M., & PROactive Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.7.1647 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Demonstrating the case that AD is a vascular disease: epidemiologic evidence
Launer, L. J. (2002) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00364-5 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Sidhu, J. S., Cowan, D., & Kaski, J. C. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.04.001 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Inestrosa, N. C., Godoy, J. A., Quintanilla, R. A., KOENIG, C., & Bronfman, M. (2004) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.09.032 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Rasquin, S. M. C., Lodder, J., Visser, P. J., Lousberg, R., & Verhey, F. R. J. (2005) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000082662 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Can Dementia Be Prevented? Brain Aging in a Population-Based Context
Haan, M. N., & Wallace, R. B. (2004) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.122951 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group* (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
van de Ree, M. A., Huisman, M. V., Princen, H. M. G., Meinders, A. E., & Kluft, C. (2002) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00316-7 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Insulin metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease differs according to apolipoprotein E genotype and gender
Craft, S., Asthana, S., Schellenberg, G., Cherrier, M., Baker, L. D., Newcomer, J., Plymate, S., Latendresse, S., Petrova, A., Raskind, M., et al. (1999) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054469 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population‐Based Cohort Studya
Leibson, C. L., Rocca, W. A., Hanson, V., CHA, R., Kokmen, E., O’Brien, P. C., & Palumbo, P. J. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48496.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Nolan, J. J., Jones, N. P., Patwardhan, R., & Deacon, L. F. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00269.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance in Cognitive Impairment
Geroldi, C., Frisoni, G. B., Paolisso, G., Bandinelli, S., Lamponi, M., Abbatecola, A. M., Zanetti, O. O., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.7.1067 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Hällsten, K., Virtanen, K. A., Lönnqvist, F., Janatuinen, T., Turiceanu, M., Rönnemaa, T., Viikari, J. S. A., Lehtimäki, T. J., Knuuti, J. M., & Nuutila, P. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01332.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Minimal hippocampal width relates to plasma homocysteine in community-dwelling older people
Williams, J. H. H. (2002) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/31.6.440 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
OZDEMIR, G., Ozden, M., Kır, H. M., et al. (2005) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/0004563053492838 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
VASCULAR DEMENTIA, A NEW BEGINNING
Chui, H. (2000) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70234-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Wu, J. H., Haan, M. N., Liang, J., Ghosh, D., Gonzalez, H. M., & Herman, W. H. (2003) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00464-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationAntidiabetic Drugs Present and Future
Campbell, I. W. (2000) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200060050-00004 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neurodegenerative diseases: insights into pathogenic mechanisms from atherosclerosis
Claudio Napoli, A., & Palinski, W. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.02.031 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects of pravastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Sommeijer, D., Macgillavry, M. R., Meijers, J., van Zanten, A. P., Reitsma, P., & ten Cate, H. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.468 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
ReviewGenetics, lifestyle and the roles of amyloid β and oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease
Veurink, G., Fuller, S. J., Atwood, C., & Martins, R. N. (2003) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460310001620144 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brune, S., K�lsch, H., Ptok, U., Majores, M., Schulz, A., Schlösser, R. G. M., Rao, M. L., Maier, W., & Heun, R. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0018-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Helfenstein, T., Fonseca, F. A. H., Relvas, W. G. M., et al. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.12.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Araki, A., Hosoi, T., Orimo, H., & Ito, H. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.02.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and mortality in African-Americans and Yoruba
Lane, K. A., Gao, S., Hui, S. L., Murrell, J. R., Hall, K. S., & Hendrie, H. C. (2003) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2003-5505 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Aisen, P. S. S., Berg, J. D., Craft, S., Peskind, E. R., Sano, M., Teri, L. L., Mulnard, R. A., Thomas, R. G., & Thal, L. J. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00015-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma and the Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Engelhart, M. J., Geerlings, M. I., Meijer, J., Kiliaan, A., Ruitenberg, A., van Swieten, J. C., Stijnen, T., Hofman, A., Witteman, J. C. M., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.668 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 4,981 · see citing works
Talbot, K., Wang, H.-Y., Kazi, H., Han, L.-Y., Bakshi, K. P., Stucky, A., Fuino, R. L., Kawaguchi, K. R., Samoyedny, A. J., Wilson, R. S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59903 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
McEwen, B. S. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/bmcewen · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes—Evidence reviewed
de la Monte, S. M., & Wands, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680800200619 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota
Harach, T., Marungruang, N., Duthilleul, N., Cheatham, V., Mc Coy, K. D., Frisoni, G., Neher, J. J., Fåk, F., Jucker, M., Lasser, T., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41802 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Intranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates β-amyloid in early AD
Reger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Breitner, J. C. S., DeGroodt, W., et al. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265401.62434.36 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Amyloid beta oligomers induce impairment of neuronal insulin receptors
Zhao, W., De Felice, F. G., Fernandez, S., Chen, H., Lambert, M. P., Quon, M. J., Krafft, G. A., & Klein, W. L. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7703com · Cited by 587 · see citing works
How does diabetes accelerate Alzheimer disease pathology?
Sims-Robinson, C., Kim, B., Rosko, A., & Feldman, E. L. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.130 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Insulin resistance is associated with the pathology of Alzheimer disease: The Hisayama Study
Matsuzaki, T., Sasaki, K., Tanizaki, Y., Hata, J., Fujimi, K., Matsui, Y., Sekita, A., Suzuki, S. O., Kanba, S., Kiyohara, Y., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181eee25f · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Common pathological processes in Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes: A review
Li, L., & Hölscher, C. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.09.001 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Cao, D., Lu, H., Lewis, T. L., & Li, L. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m703561200 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: GSK-3β as a potential link
Zhang, Y., Huang, N.-Q., Yan, F., Jin, H., Zhou, S.-Y., Shi, J.-S., & Jin, F. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.015 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Thathiah, A., & De Strooper, B. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2977 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
de la Monte, S. M. (2012) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/11597760-000000000-00000 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Freude, S., Hettich, M. M., Schumann, C., Stöhr, O., Koch, L., Köhler, C., Udelhoven, M., Leeser, U., Müller, M., Kubota, N., et al. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-132043 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: an update
Swerdlow, R. H., & Khan, S. M. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.01.011 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Limited Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration in experimental obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Moroz, N., Tong, M., Longato, L., Xu, H., & de la Monte, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-15103 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Redefining neuroendocrinology: Epigenetics of brain-body communication over the life course
McEwen, B. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.11.001 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Neuroprotective effects of dietary restriction: Evidence and mechanisms
Pani, G. (2015) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.03.004 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The Role of GLP-1 in Neuronal Activity and Neurodegeneration
Hölscher, C. (2010) · Vitamins & Hormones · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381517-0.00013-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Integrative neurobiology of metabolic diseases, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration
van Dijk, G., van Heijningen, S., Reijne, A. C., Nyakas, C., van der Zee, E. A., & Eisel, U. L. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00173 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Shaikh, S., Rizvi, S. M. D., Shakil, S., Riyaz, S., Biswas, D., & Jahan, R. (2016) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1319 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Glycation affects fibril formation of Aβ peptides
Emendato, A., Milordini, G., Zacco, E., Sicorello, A., Dal Piaz, F., Guerrini, R., Thorogate, R., Picone, D., & Pastore, A. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.002275 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
GLP-1 and Underlying Beneficial Actions in Alzheimer’s Disease, Hypertension, and NASH
Li, Q.-X., Gao, H., Guo, Y.-X., Wang, B.-Y., Hua, R.-X., Gao, L., Shang, H.-W., Lu, X., & Xu, J.-D. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.721198 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haan, M. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haan, Mary N
- ORCID
- Haan, Mary N
- Venue
- Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 159-166
- ISSN
- 1745-834X (ISSN-L)
- 1745-8358
- OpenAlex
- W1968953073
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Clinical Practice Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG012975, R03AG033751)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK060753)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, amyloid-beta deposition, microangiopathy, cognitive impairment, statins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, thiazolidinediones, diabetes drugs, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Motor Activity, Risk, Age of Onset, Diabetes Complications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review