Cited by 644Immune cells in cancerPhagocytosis and Immune RegulationAtherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Macrophages in health and disease

Open access
Park, Matthew D., Silvin, Aymeric, Ginhoux, Florent, Merad, Miriam·2022·Cell

Abstract

The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural need for organization and the design of a conceptual framework for how we can better understand the origins and functions of different macrophages. We propose that the ontogeny of a macrophage-beyond its fundamental derivation as either embryonically or bone marrow-derived, but rather inclusive of the course of its differentiation, amidst steady-state cues, disease-associated signals, and time-constitutes a critical piece of information about its contribution to homeostasis or the progression of disease.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.007

Cites

254 of 254 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are predominant producers of SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and HMGB1.

    “Studies have shown that immune cells, including monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, are the predominant producers of SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and HMGB1 (refs. 75–78).”

    From SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues (2024) · cites this paper as [76]

    The section on decay of tissue-resident macrophage niches reports that inflammatory monocytes in IBD mucosa produce IL-6 and TNF-α. The section on disease-associated signals also lists activated immune cells among IL-6 producers, but it does not identify monocytes or tissue-resident macrophages as the predominant producers. Neither passage establishes that these cells predominantly produce SASP factors or supports the full list including IL-1α, IL-1β, and HMGB1. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Macrophages consist of a heterogeneous population even in a healthy liver, comprising resident Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages.

    “Macrophages consist of a heterogeneous population even in a healthy liver, where they harbor a wide spectrum of expression profiles (19–22). They comprise resident Kupffer cells, which derive from erythromyeloid progenitors (23), and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages, which originate preferentially from the bone marrow but also from the peritoneal cavity or the spleen (21, 24).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Willikens FLA, Werre JM, Kruijt JK, Roerdinkholder-Stoelwinder B, Groenen-Döpp YAM, van den Bos AG, Bosman GJCGM, and van Berkel TJC Blood 105, 2141– 2145. 15550489

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Park, M. D., Silvin, A., Ginhoux, F., & Merad, M.
Affiliations
  • Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
Corresponding author
Ginhoux, Florent
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-11
Volume
185
Issue
23
Pages
4259-4279
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4309080193
Cited by
644
References
254
Citations by year
2026: 160 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 180 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 2
FWCI
12.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA254104)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords
tissue macrophages, macrophage heterogeneity, macrophage ontogeny, macrophage differentiation, embryonic macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages, macrophage function, homeostasis, disease progression, conceptual framework
MeSH terms
Bone Marrow, Cell Differentiation, Homeostasis, Macrophages

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review