An optogenetic toolbox designed for primates
Open accessAbstract
Optogenetics is a technique for controlling subpopulations of neurons in the intact brain using light. This technique has the potential to enhance basic systems neuroscience research and to inform the mechanisms and treatment of brain injury and disease. Before launching large-scale primate studies, the method needs to be further characterized and adapted for use in the primate brain. We assessed the safety and efficiency of two viral vector systems (lentivirus and adeno-associated virus), two human promoters (human synapsin (hSyn) and human thymocyte-1 (hThy-1)) and three excitatory and inhibitory mammalian codon-optimized opsins (channelrhodopsin-2, enhanced Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin and the step-function opsin), which we characterized electrophysiologically, histologically and behaviorally in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We also introduced a new device for measuring in vivo fluorescence over time, allowing minimally invasive assessment of construct expression in the intact brain. We present a set of optogenetic tools designed for optogenetic experiments in the non-human primate brain.
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So far, optogenetics has had little success in altering behavior in non-human primates.
“Although minimal success has been achieved to date, several groups are currently investing significant resources in using optogenetics to generate behavioral changes in non-human primates 138–143.”
From DISSECTING OCD CIRCUITS: FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO TARGETED TREATMENTS: Review: Dissecting OCD Circuits: Animals to Treatments (2015) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Diester, I., Kaufman, M. T., Mogri, M., Pashaie, R., Goo, W., Yizhar, O., Ramakrishnan, C., Deisseroth, K., & Shenoy, K. V.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deisseroth, Karl
- Shenoy, Krishna V
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-01-30
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-397
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC3150193
- OpenAlex
- W1973468287
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 20.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD006409)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS054283)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- optogenetics, non-human primates, rhesus monkeys, opsin, channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, viral vectors, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus, neurostimulation, opsin expression, electrophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Dependovirus, Animals, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Light, Macaca mulatta, Photic Stimulation, Primates, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Lentivirus, Synapsins, Gene Transfer Techniques, Opsins
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