Striatal dopamine mediates the interface between motivational and cognitive control in humans: evidence from genetic imaging.
Open accessAbstract
Dopamine has been hypothesized to provide the basis for the interaction between motivational and cognitive control. However, there is no evidence for this hypothesis in humans. We fill this gap by using fMRI, a novel behavioral paradigm and a common polymorphism in the DAT1 gene (SLC6A3). Carriers of the 9-repeat (9R) allele of a 40 base pair repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of DAT1, associated with high striatal dopamine, showed greater activity in the ventromedial striatum during reward anticipation than homozygotes for the 10-repeat allele, replicating previous genetic imaging studies. The crucial novel finding is that 9R carriers also exhibited a greater influence of anticipated reward on switch costs, as well as greater activity in the dorsomedial striatum during task switching in anticipation of high reward relative to low reward. These data establish a crucial role for human striatal dopamine in the modulation of cognitive flexibility by reward anticipation, thus, elucidating the neurochemical mechanism of the interaction between motivation and cognitive control.
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Drastic reduction of midbrain dopamine (in for instance Parkinson's disease) renders the patient passive and unresponsive, and peaks in dopamine by contrast reflect enhanced motivation or craving.
“Drastic reduction of midbrain dopamine (in for instance Parkinson’s disease) renders the patient passive and unresponsive, and peaks in dopamine by contrast reflect enhanced motivation (e.g., Cools et al., 2010; Aarts et al., 2012) or craving (Lewis, 2011).”
From Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control (2014) · cites this paper as Aarts et al., 2012
The Introduction links mesolimbic dopamine to reward and motivation, and the Discussion reports that dopamine-related genetic variation affected responses during reward anticipation. But the study did not measure dopamine peaks or show that such peaks reflect enhanced motivation. The Parkinson’s disease and craving clauses are not attached to this citation. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis finding confirms previous evidence that genetic variation in DAT1 modulates striatal reward-related activation.
“This finding confirms previous evidence from healthy volunteers that genetic variation in DAT1 modulates striatal reward-related activation.26,49,50”
From Striatal sensitivity during reward processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [49]
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“…where task switch-related activity was found in the precuneus (Yeung et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2012; Aarts et al., 2014; De Baene et al., 2015), inferior parietal lobule (Yeung et al., 2006; Aarts et al., 2010, 2014; De Baene et al., 2015), and superior frontal sulcus (De Baene et al., 2015).”
Self-citationDevelopment of corticostriatal connectivity constrains goal-directed behavior during adolescence
Insel, C., Kastman, E. K., Glenn, C. R., & Somerville, L. H. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01369-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Yet other studies show no effect of incentives on adults ’ cognitive control 40 , which con fl icts with the literature on adult value-contingent performance 21, 23, 24, 41, 42 .”
BackgroundDopamine and the motivation of cognitive control
Cools, R., Froböse, M. I., Aarts, E., & Hofmans, L. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804281-6.00007-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental imaging genetics: Linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior
Padmanabhan, A., & Luna, B. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.011 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control
Frijda, N. H., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & Rietveld, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00518 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…Volume 5 | Article 518 | 4 of expressive behavior, as when a person looks at someone, but is not facing him or her in full; or as when meeting someone and mingling evidence of affection (a smile, say), invitation (opening the eyes more widely), and abandoning oneself, by adding a more erect stance.”
BackgroundCognitive Control as Cost‐Benefit Decision Making
Kool, W., Shenhav, A., & Botvinick, M. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118920497.ch10 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Influence of motivation on control hierarchy in the human frontal cortex
Bahlmann, J., Aarts, E., & D'Esposito, M. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2389-14.2015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Connectivity of the Striatum Links Motivation to Action Control in Humans
Harsay, H. A., Cohen, M. X., Oosterhof, N. N., Forstmann, B. U., Mars, R. B., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5415-10.2011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Researchers have recently linked the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Savine and Braver) and genetic polymorphisms of a dopamine transporter gene known to affect caudate dopamine (Aarts et al., 2010) to reward-related improvements in task switching.”
BackgroundControlling Human Striatal Cognitive Function via the Frontal Cortex
van Schouwenburg, M. R., O’Shea, J., Mars, R. B., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Cools, R. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6428-11.2012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“The idea that the present functional effects of TMS may be dopamine dependent concurs with evidence that cognitive switching is sensitive to dopaminergic drug manipulations and polymorphisms in dopamine genes (Cools et al., 2001, 2003; Mehta et al., 2004; Aarts et al., 2010; Stelzel et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationReward, motivation and brain imaging in human healthy participants – A narrative review
Weinstein, A. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1123733 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Aarts et al. (2010) have used a pre-cued switching task in fMRI and have also found that carriers of the 9-repeat 9R allele which is associated with high striatal DA turnover, showed greater activity in the dorsal-medial striatum during reward anticipation than homozygotes for the 10repeat allele, replicating the prev…”
ResultExcessive use of reminders: Metacognition and effort-minimisation in cognitive offloading
Sachdeva, C., & Gilbert, S. J. (2020) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.103024 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Overall, these results corroborate previous findings that participants are more likely to expend cognitive effort when there is a financial incentive (Aarts et al., 2010; Botvinick & Braver, 2015; Padmala & Pessoa, 2011).”
Proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control can operate independently and simultaneously
Mäki-Marttunen, V., Hagen, T., & Espeseth, T. (2019) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102891 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N., Pegg, S. L., & Weinberg, A. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100791 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A computational perspective on the roles of affect in cognitive control
Grahek, I., Musslick, S., & Shenhav, A. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Dopamine and the Cognitive Downside of a Promised Bonus
Aarts, E., Wallace, D. L., Dang, L. C., Jagust, W. J., Cools, R., & D’Esposito, M. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613517240 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The dopamine-synthesis capacity of the left dorsal caudate nucleus uniquely predicted the observed effects (see Table 2), in line with previously observed interactions between motivation and cognition in the same region, which were moderated by variation in a dopaminergic gene (Aarts et al., 2010).”
Self-citationAberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss
Aarts, E., Helmich, R. C. G., Janssen, M. J. R., Oyen, W. J. G., Bloem, B. R., & Cools, R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.073 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“However, we anticipate, based on previous fMRI work with the same design in healthy participants (Aarts et al., 2010), that future PET displacement studies will reveal a similar link between ventral striatal dopamine release and the presently observed aberrant reward processing in patients without…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD
Hoogman, M., Onnink, A. M. H., Cools, R., Aarts, E., Kan, C. C., Vásquez, A. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Franke, B. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationAn imaging genetics approach to understanding social influence
Falk, E. B., Way, B. M., & Jasinska, A. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00168 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…allele has been associated with greater striatal reactivity in a variety of reward-related tasks (Forbes et al., 2009; Nikolova et al., 2011; Zhong et al., 2012), particularly those that involve the anticipation of reward (Dreher et al., 2009; Franklin et al., 2009, 2011; Aarts et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAarts, E., Nusselein, A. A. M., Smittenaar, P., Helmich, R. C. G., Bloem, B. R., & Cools, R. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.023 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMorphological analysis of the brain subcortical gray structures in restless legs syndrome
Mogavero, M. P., Mezzapesa, D. M., Savarese, M., DelRosso, L. M., Lanza, G., & Ferri, R. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.025 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Stelzel, C., Fiebach, C. J., Cools, R., Tafazoli, S., & D’Esposito, M. (2013) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.04.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationLatent Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to improved action control
Stock, A., von Heinegg, E. H., Köhling, H.-L., & Beste, C. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The most likely cause for this selective improvement in action cascading is the up-regulation of dopamine which has been shown to eminently modulate the process of switching from one response option to another (Aarts et al., 2010; Avila et al., 2012; Cools et al., 2001; Garcia-Garcia et al., 2010; Humphries et al., 20…”
BackgroundA Thalamocorticostriatal Dopamine Network for Psychostimulant-Enhanced Human Cognitive Flexibility
Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Buckholtz, J. W., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Arrington, C. M., Baldwin, R. M., Smith, C. E., Treadway, M. T., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.032 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Urban, N., Slifstein, M., Meda, S. A., Xu, X., Ayoub, R., Medina, O., Pearlson, G. D., Krystal, J. H., & Abi‐Dargham, A. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2543-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Reward modulation of cognitive function in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Aarts, E., van Holstein, M., Hoogman, M., Onnink, A. M. H., Kan, C. C., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., & Cools, R. (2014) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000116 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Indeed, we have previously observed effects of the DAT1 genotype on the BOLD signal during rewarded task-switching in the same striatal region (i.e. left caudate nucleus) as we report here (Aarts et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationDopamine transporter polymorphisms affect social approach–avoidance tendencies
Enter, D., Colzato, L. S., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2012) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00791.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“For example, DAT1 9-repeat carriers showed more striatal activity during processing of a monetary reward than 10-repeat carriers (Dreher et al. 2009; Forbes et al. 2009), suggesting increased reward sensitivity in 9-repeat carriers (see also Aarts et al. 2010).”
BackgroundVentral striatal hyperconnectivity during rewarded interference control in adolescents with ADHD
Ma, I., van Holstein, M., Mies, G. W., Mennes, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Cools, R., Cillessen, A. H. N., Krebs, R. M., & Scheres, A. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.021 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Reward can modulate cognitive control (Aarts et al., 2010; Botvinick & Braver, 2015; Braver et al., 2014; Pessoa, 2009).”
Self-citationAge-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control
Yee, D. M., Adams, S. E., Beck, A., & Braver, T. S. (2019) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00713-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Although it is well-known that dopamine (DA) plays a central role in modulating both motivational/affective and higher-order cognitive and functions (Aarts et al., 2010; Cools, 2008; Nieoullon, 2002), the exact boundary conditions for how these variables relate to one another remains somewhat…”
BackgroundWittmann, B. C., Tan, G. C.-Y., Lisman, J. E., Dolan, R. J., & Düzel, E. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“In contrast, several previous functional imaging studies found that 9-repeat carriers showed higher striatal activity in reward tasks (Aarts et al., 2010; Dreher, Kohn, Kolachana, Weinberger, & Berman, 2009; Forbes et al., 2009), while one study reported that genotype effects depended on an…”
ResultInteractive Effects of OPRM1 and DAT1 Genetic Variation on Subjective Responses to Alcohol
Ray, L. A., Bujarski, S., Squeglia, L. M., Ashenhurst, J. R., & Anton, R. F. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agt183 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Neurophysiology of rule switching in the corticostriatal circuit
Bissonette, G. B., & Roesch, M. R. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.062 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…2007; Morris et al., 2015) and in patients and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (Gauntlett-Gilbert et al., 1999; Monchi et al., 2004; Floresco et al., 2006, 2008; Price et al., 2009; Aarts et al., 2010; Cools, 2011; Dirnberger and Jahanshahi, 2013; Florio et al., 2013; Robbins and Cools, 2014).”
BackgroundEffects of Marijuana Use on Brain Structure and Function
Brumback, T., Castro, N., Jacobus, J., & Tapert, S. F. (2016) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…(Cass et al., 2014; Cheer, Wassum, Heien, Phillips, & Wightman, 2004; Gessa, Melis, Muntoni, & Diana, 1998) associated with feelings of reward, reinforcing effects (Kook & Weiss, 1992; Robbin & Everitt, 2002), and drug seeking behaviors (Aarts et al., 2010; Koepp et al., 1998; Urban et al., 2012).”
DAT1 Polymorphism Determines L-DOPA Effects on Learning about Others’ Prosociality
Eisenegger, C., Pedroni, A., Rieskamp, J., Zehnder, C., Ebstein, R. P., Fehr, E., & Knoch, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067820 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Hence, 9/10R genotype individuals are expected to have higher extrasynaptic striatal dopamine levels than 10/10R carriers [19,20,21,22].”
BackgroundGene x environment interactions in conduct disorder: Implications for future treatments
Holz, N. E., Zohsel, K., Laucht, M., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Brandeis, D. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Smederevac, S., Sadiković, S., Čolović, P., Vučinić, N., Milutinović, A., Riemann, R., Corr, P. J., Prinz, M., & Budimlija, Z. M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02724-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Distinct roles for dopamine clearance mechanisms in regulating behavioral flexibility
Korn, C., Akam, T. E., Jensen, K. H. R., Vagnoni, C., Huber, A., Tunbridge, E. M., & Walton, M. E. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01194-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dannlowski, U., Domschke, K., Birosova, E., Lawford, B. R., Young, R. M., Voisey, J., Morris, C. P., Suslow, T., Konrad, C., Kugel, H., et al. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711001659 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…DAT, COMT, DRD4) consistently found strong genetic effects on ventral striatum responsiveness during the processing of positive stimuli or reward (Aarts et al. 2010; Camara et al. 2010; Dreher et al. 2009; Forbes et al. 2009a, b ; Hahn et al. 2011; Kirsch et al. 2006; Krugel et al. 2009; Schmack…”
BackgroundHumans Integrate Monetary and Liquid Incentives to Motivate Cognitive Task Performance
Yee, D. M., Krug, M. K., Allen, A. Z., & Braver, T. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02037 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Shang, C., Lin, H., Tseng, W. I., & Gau, S. S. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000144 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Learning to be inflexible: Enhanced attentional biases in Parkinson's disease
Fallon, S. J., Hampshire, A., Barker, R. A., & Owen, A. M. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.005 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…Fissell, Noll, & Fiez, 2000; Elliott, Newman, Longe, & Deakin, 2003; Sescousse, Caldu, Segura, & Dreher, 2013) and in propagating reward-related signals to cognitive and motoric networks (Aarts et al., 2010; Fallon & Cools, 2014; Haber, Fudge, & McFarland, 2000; Mogenson, Jones, & Yim, 1980).”
Prefrontal White Matter Structure Mediates the Influence of GAD1 on Working Memory
Lett, T. A. P., Kennedy, J. L., Radhu, N., Dominguez, L. G., Chakravarty, M. M., Nazeri, A., Farzan, F., Walter, H., Heinz, A., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.14 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Frontostriatal response to set switching is moderated by reward sensitivity
Ávila, C., Garbin, G., Sanjuán, A., Forn, C., Barrós‐Loscertales, A., Bustamante, J. C., Rodríguez‐Pujadas, A., Belloch, V., & Parcet, M. A. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In this sense, the results of the present study are consistent with recent fMRI data and show that the striatum (Aarts et al., 2010) and the inferior frontal cortex (Savine and Braver, 2010) are brain areas involved in task switching, but that their activity is modulated by the presence of reward cues.”
ResultGreer, S. M., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Knutson, B. D., & Walker, M. P. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00939 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“transporter (DAT) gene, which has been associated with altered dopamine availability (Aarts et al., 2010).”
BackgroundAnatomical connection strength predicts dopaminergic drug effects on fronto-striatal function
van Schouwenburg, M. R., Zwiers, M. P., van der Schaaf, M. E., Geurts, D. E. M., Schellekens, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Verkes, R. J., & Cools, R. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3000-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“First, pharmacological fMRI studies in humans have shown that dopamine modulates functional signals in the basal ganglia during a range of paradigms that require attention switching, such as task switching (Aarts et al. 2010), updating of working memory (Cools et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSokolova, E., Hoogman, M., Groot, P., Claassen, T., Vásquez, A. A., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., & Heskes, T. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32310 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…to be associated with homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele of the 30UTR VNTR compared to carriership of the 9-repeat allele [Dreher et al., 2009; Forbes et al., 2009; Aarts et al., 2010], two other studies did not find an effect of DAT1 genotype [Hahn et al., 2011; Nikolova et al., 2011].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationSchacht, J. P., Voronin, K. E., Randall, P. K., & Anton, R. F. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.298 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Revisiting positive affect and reward influences on cognitive control
Chiew, K. S. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.11.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hyperbilirubinemia: Subcortical Mechanisms of Cognitive and Behavioral Dysfunction
Koziol, L. F., Budding, D. E., & Chidekel, D. (2013) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.06.019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The implications are profound when one considers that basal ganglia dysfunction underlies the procedural and instrumental (reward-based) learning difficulties characteristic of many children with neurodevelopmental disorders [92-95].”
BackgroundImaging genetics in neurodevelopmental psychopathology
Klein, M., van Donkelaar, M. M. J., Verhoef, E., & Franke, B. (2017) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32542 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Another also found increased striatal activation in 9R-carriers in a rewarded taskswitching task, especially in high reward conditions (Aarts et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnalytical strategies for large imaging genetic datasets: experiences from the IMAGEN study
Nymberg, C., Jia, T., Ruggeri, B., & Schumann, G. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12088 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fuentes‐Claramonte, P., Ávila, C., Rodríguez‐Pujadas, A., Ventura‐Campos, N., Bustamante, J. C., Costumero, V., Rosell‐Negre, P., & Barrós‐Loscertales, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123073 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Applying Imaging Genetics to ADHD: the Promises and the Challenges
Wu, Z.-M., Yang, L., & Wang, Y.-F. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8683-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rosa, E. D., Schiff, S., Cagnolati, F., & Mapelli, D. (2015) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-015-0358-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“striatal dopaminergic system [25].”
Massar, S. A. A., Sasmita, K., Lim, J., & Chee, M. W. L. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13275 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Controlling striatal function via anterior frontal cortex stimulation
van Holstein, M., Froböse, M. I., O’Shea, J., Aarts, E., & Cools, R. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21346-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationGains and Losses Affect Learning Differentially at Low and High Attentional Load
Boroujeni, K. B., Watson, M. R., & Womelsdorf, T. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01885 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jakob, K., Ehrentreich, H., Holtfrerich, S. K. C., Reimers, L., & Diekhof, E. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00060 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
He, M., Yan, H., Duan, Z., Qü, W., Gong, H.-Y., Fan, Z.-L., Kang, J., Li, B., & Wang, J.-M. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yildirim, B. O., & Derksen, J. J. L. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Enhanced motivation of cognitive control in Parkinson's disease
Timmer, M. H. M., Aarts, E., Esselink, R. A. J., & Cools, R. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14137 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“And lastly, ample evidence implicates striatal dopamine in reward motivation, which is severely depleted in PD (Berridge, 2007; Aarts et al., 2010; Salamone & Correa, 2012; Salamone et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLiu, T., Wang, D., Wang, C., Xiao, T., & Shi, J. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101118 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cue awareness in avoiding effortful control
Dunn, T. L., Gaspar, C., & Risko, E. F. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.05.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wallace, D. L., Aarts, E., Uquillas, F. D., Dang, L. C., Greer, S. M., Jagust, W. J., & D’Esposito, M. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“the TaqIA A1+ status or differences in variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene [36]).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCerebral reorganization in Parkinson's disease.
Helmich, R. C. G. (2011) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Correlates of Attentional Flexibility during Approach and Avoidance Motivation
Calcott, R. D., & Berkman, E. T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127203 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“[14] used actual monetary rewards to induce approach motivation, whereas in the present study, approach motivation was induced by passive viewing of appetizing photos.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKira, I. A., Ayna, Y. E., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., & Ashby, J. S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02078-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Non-just-right experiences are more closely related to OCD than tics in Tourette patients
Brandt, V. C., Otte, J.-H., Fremer, C., Jakubovski, E., & Müller‐Vahl, K. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37658-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lancaster, T. M., Heerey, E. A., Mantripragada, K. K., & Linden, D. E. J. (2015) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12228 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Dopaminergic frontostriatal circuitry is a candidate neurobiological pathway that may link reward representation with rewarding stimuli (Aarts et al. 2010, 2011).”
Background
- Authors
- Aarts, E., Roelofs, A., Franke, B., Rijpkema, M., Fernández, G., Helmich, R. C., & Cools, R.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Aarts, Esther
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2010-05-12
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1943-1951
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC3055632
- OpenAlex
- W2107867628
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- striatal dopamine, motivation, cognitive control, DAT1 gene, dopamine transporter, 3' untranslated region polymorphism, reward anticipation, task switching, switch costs, cognitive flexibility, ventromedial striatum, dorsomedial striatum
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Genotype, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Oxygen, Polymorphism, Genetic, Reward, Microsatellite Repeats, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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