DRD2 polymorphisms modulate reward and emotion processing, dopamine neurotransmission and openness to experience
Open accessAbstract
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission through D2 receptors (DRD2) has been implicated in the regulation of reward processing, cognition and the effects of drugs of abuse, and also has significant effects in responses to stressors and salient aversive stimuli. An examination of the influence of genetic variation across multiple psychophysical measures therefore appears critical to understand the neurobiology of DA-modulated complex personality traits and psychiatric illnesses. To examine inter-individual variation in the function of DRD2 modulated mechanisms in healthy humans, we used a haplotype-based and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) investigation. Their effects were interrogated with functional magnetic resonance imaging during reward and emotional processing. We found that a haplotype block composed by two SNPs, rs4274224 and rs4581480, affected the hemodynamic responses of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during reward expectation and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortices (sgACC) during implicit emotional processing. Exploratory analysis within the significant haplotype block revealed the same functional effects only for the SNP rs4274224. Further analysis on rs4274224 using functional connectivity and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of DA D2/3 receptor mediated neurotransmission confirmed a gene effect on the functional connectivity of the DLPFC during reward anticipation and subcortical stress induced DA release. At a phenotypic trait level, significant effects of genotype were obtained for the NEO PI-R "Openness to Experience" and further correlated with neuroimaging data. Overall, these results show significant neurobiological effects of genotype variation in DRD2 on multiple functional domains, such as emotional, stress and reward processing. As such, it contributes to normal variation and potentially to vulnerability to psychopathology associated with those functions, such as risk for mood and substance use disorders.
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Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex has been associated with genotypic variations in DRD2 and MAOA, high skin conductance reactivity, and negative emotionality/neuroticism.
“Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), for example, has been associated with genotypic variations in DRD2 (Pecina et al., 2013) and MAOA (Eisenberger et al., 2007), high skin conductance reactivity (Nagai et al., 2010), and negative emotionality/neuroticism (Haas et al., 2007).”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Pecina et al., 2013
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States and Situations, Traits and Environments
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Cognitive Processes and Models
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Personality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
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- Authors
- Peciña, M., Mickey, B. J., Love, T., Wang, H., Langenecker, S. A., Hodgkinson, C., Shen, P.-H., Villafuerte, S., Hsu, D., Weisenbach, S. L., Stohler, C. S., Goldman, D., & Zubieta, J.-K.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zubieta, Jon-Kar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 877-890
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3381848
- OpenAlex
- W2121789226
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- DRD2, dopamine D2 receptor, genetic polymorphism, reward processing, emotional processing, dopamine signaling, openness to experience, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, stress response, implicit emotion, functional connectivity, haplotype blocks, personality traits, substance use disorders, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dopamine, Emotions, Female, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Synaptic Transmission, Personality, Reward, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Functional Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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