Modulation of auditory and visual processing by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: an FMRI study
Open accessAbstract
Although the effects of cannabis on perception are well documented, little is known about their neural basis or how these may contribute to the formation of psychotic symptoms. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) during visual and auditory processing in healthy volunteers. In total, 14 healthy volunteers were scanned on three occasions. Identical 10 mg THC, 600 mg CBD, and placebo capsules were allocated in a balanced double-blinded pseudo-randomized crossover design. Plasma levels of each substance, physiological parameters, and measures of psychopathology were taken at baseline and at regular intervals following ingestion of substances. Volunteers listened passively to words read and viewed a radial visual checkerboard in alternating blocks during fMRI scanning. Administration of THC was associated with increases in anxiety, intoxication, and positive psychotic symptoms, whereas CBD had no significant symptomatic effects. THC decreased activation relative to placebo in bilateral temporal cortices during auditory processing, and increased and decreased activation in different visual areas during visual processing. CBD was associated with activation in right temporal cortex during auditory processing, and when contrasted, THC and CBD had opposite effects in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus, the right-sided homolog to Wernicke's area. Moreover, the attenuation of activation in this area (maximum 61, -15, -2) by THC during auditory processing was correlated with its acute effect on psychotic symptoms. Single doses of THC and CBD differently modulate brain function in areas that process auditory and visual stimuli and relate to induced psychotic symptoms.
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Δ9-THC-induced psychosis-like effects were associated with decreased activation of the right temporal cortex during auditory processing.
“(iii) the right temporal cortex during auditory processing (86).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [86]
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“…visual and auditory processing) using the same sample of healthy subjects (Borgwardt et al., 2008; Bhattacharyya et al., 2009; Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Bhattacharyya et al., 2010; Fusar-Poli et al., 2010; Winton-Brown et al., 2011; Bhattacharyya et al., 2012b; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion
Freeman, T. P., Pope, R. A., Wall, M. B., Bisby, J. A., Luijten, M., Hindocha, C., Mokrysz, C., Lawn, W., Moss, A., Bloomfield, M., et al. (2017) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx082 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effects of cannabidiol plus naltrexone on motivation and ethanol consumption
Viudez‐Martínez, A., García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Fraguas‐Sánchez, A. I., Torres‐Suárez, A. I., & Manzanares, J. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14380 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“In this respect, cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main compounds present in the plant Cannabis sativa, which lacks activity as a drug of abuse (Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Manzanares et al., 2016; Martin-Santos et al., 2012; Mechoulam et al., 2002; Manzanares and GarciaGutierrez, 2017; Winton-Brown et al., 2011; Zlebnik and…”
BackgroundGruber, S. A., Sagar, K. A., Dahlgren, M. K., Gönenç, A., Smith, R. T., Lambros, A. M., Cabrera, K. B., & Lukas, S. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“In general, studies suggest that THC and CBD have opposite effects on cognition-related brain activation (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010, 2015; Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
Schwitzer, T., Schwan, R., Angioï-Duprez, K., Ingster-Moati, I., Lalanne, L., Giersch, A., & Laprévote, V. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cannabidiol and brain function: current knowledge and future perspectives
Schouten, M., Dalle, S., Mantini, D., & Koppo, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1328885 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bossong, M., Jansma, J., Bhattacharyya, S., & Ramsey, N. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.017 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tudge, L., Williams, C., Cowen, P. J., & McCabe, C. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu094 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Atakan, Z., Bhattacharyya, S., Allen, P., Martín‐Santos, R., Crippa, J. A. S., Borgwardt, S., Fusar‐Poli, P., Seal, M. L., Sallis, H., Stahl, D. R., et al. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001924 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“…on brain function (Martı́n-Santos et al. 2010), including those from our group (Borgwardt et al. 2008; Fusar-Poli et al. 2009; Bhattacharyya et al. 2009, 2010; Winton-Brown et al. 2011), to date none of these studies has examined the effects of THC according to psychotic symptom outcome.”
BackgroundRapp, C., Bugra, H., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Tamagni, C., & Borgwardt, S. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884861 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
van Winkel, R., & Kuepper, R. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153631 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Canazza, I., Ossato, A., Vincenzi, F., Gregori, A., Rosa, F. D., Nigro, F., Rimessi, A., Pinton, P., Varani, K., Borea, P. A., et al. (2017) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2601 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Based on the present study, it is not possible to define whether visual and acoustic alterations induced by 5F‐ADBINACA, AB‐ FUBINACA, and STS‐135 in mice are an expression of hallucinatory states, as suggested for Δ(9)‐THC in human studies (Winton‐Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCortical thinness and volume differences associated with marijuana abuse in emerging adults
Mashhoon, Y., Sava, S., Sneider, J. T., Nickerson, L. D. H., & Silveri, M. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.016 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Potential of Cannabidiol Treatment for Cannabis Users With Recent-Onset Psychosis
Hahn, B. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx105 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Is there a role for cannabidiol in psychiatry?
Khoury, J. M., das Neves, M. D. C. L., Roque, M. A. V., Queiroz, D. A. D. B., de Freitas, A. A. C., de Fátima, Â., Moreira, F. A., & Garcia, F. D. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1285049 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Winton-Brown et al. (2011) reported that 300 or 600mg of CBD prevented psychotic symptoms induced by 10mg of THC.”
Sami, M. B., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118760662 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Thomsen, K. R., Lindholst, C., Thylstrup, B., Kvamme, S. L., Reitzel, L. A., Worm‐Leonhard, M., Englund, A., Freeman, T. P., & Hesse, M. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000303 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“18 in areas pivotal to key cognitive processes involved in the effects of cannabis, including amygdala (processing of emotional information); striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (processing of salience); and auditory- and visual cortex (processing of auditory and visual information) (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010…”
Neural effects of green tea extract on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Borgwardt, S., Hammann, F., Scheffler, K., Kreuter, M., Drewe, J., & Beglinger, C. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.105 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Cannabidiol (CBD) as a novel treatment in the early phases of psychosis
Chesney, E., Oliver, D., & McGuire, P. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05905-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Barrett, F. S., Schlienz, N. J., Lembeck, N. A., Waqas, M., & Vandrey, R. G. (2018) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2017.0052 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Anzillotti, L., Castrignanò, E., Rossi, S. S., & Chiarotti, M. (2014) · Science & Justice · doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2014.08.004 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“The presence of CBD is also a matter of interest in biological samples, as it can have a modulating effect on THC, reducing its psychotic effects [10,11].”
BackgroundChou, S., Ranganath, T., Fish, K. N., Lewis, D. A., & Sweet, R. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13724-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cannabidiol modulation of hippocampal glutamate in early psychosis
O’Neill, A., Annibale, L., Blest‐Hopley, G., Wilson, R. P., Giampietro, V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211001107 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…(CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis, has been shown to counteract these effects, displaying an antipsychotic effect as well as neural effects opposing that of Δ9THC (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010, 2012a, 2015; Englund et al., 2013; Morgan et al., 2010; Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialRitchay, M. M., Huggins, A. A., Wallace, A. L., Larson, C. L., & Lisdahl, K. M. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“, 2004), and alters activation in visual- and auditory-processing regions (including the lingual gyrus), which is associated with acute induction of psychotic symptoms (Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundNarayan, A. J., Downey, L. A., Manning, B., & Hayley, A. C. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104941 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cannabinoids, reward processing, and psychosis
Gunasekera, B., Diederen, K. M. J., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05801-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Allendorfer, J. B., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2017) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.020 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sagar, K. A., & Gruber, S. A. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13990 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Neuroprotection Following Concussion: The Potential Role for Cannabidiol
Singh, J., & Neary, J. P. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2020.23 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cannabidiol normalizes resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-resistant epilepsy
Nenert, R. E., Allendorfer, J. B., Bebin, E. M., Gaston, T. E., Grayson, L. E., Houston, J. T., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2020) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107297 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Denier, N., Gerber, H., Vogel, M., Klarhöfer, M., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Wiesbeck, G. A., Lang, U. E., Borgwardt, S., & Walter, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071461 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Colizzi, M., McGuire, P. K., Giampietro, V., Williams, S., Brammer, M. J., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.04.003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“, 2010), and visual and auditory processing (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010; Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGunasekera, B., Davies, C., Martín‐Santos, R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Neuroimaging in Alcohol and Drug Dependence
Niciu, M. J., & Mason, G. F. (2014) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-013-0005-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Batalla, A., Lorenzetti, V., Chye, Y., Yücel, M., Soriano‐Mas, C., Bhattacharyya, S., Torrens, M., Crippa, J. A. S., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2018) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2017.0021 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hendricks, O., Andersen, T. E., Christiansen, A. A., Primdahl, J., Hauge, E., Ellingsen, T., Horsted, T. I., Bachmann, A. G., Loft, A. G., Bojesen, A. B., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028197 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“New studies show evidence that CBD affects autoimmune signalling pathways and that these mechanisms may be relevant to CBD’s therapeutic profile.(52) 53 The effect of CBD is studied in a placebo-controlled design, whereas the effect of a combination of CBD and THC is an open label continuation of the study.”
BackgroundRømer Thomsen, K., Callesen, M. B., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sadaka, A. H., Ozuna, A. G., Ortiz, R. J., Kulkarni, P., Johnson, C. T., Bradshaw, H. B., Cushing, B. S., Li, A.-L., Hohmann, A. G., & Ferris, C. F. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02891-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In healthy volunteers, CBD enhances caudate and hippocampal activation and fronto-striatal connectivity during salience processing [12, 13] and under resting state conditions [16], enhances auditory and visual processing [19] and effects working and episodic memory associated with an increase in blood flow to the hipp…”
BackgroundCannabidiol in Foods and Food Supplements: Evaluation of Health Risks and Health Claims
Engeli, B. E., Lachenmeier, D. W., Diel, P. R., Guth, S., Villar-Fernandez, M., Roth, A., Lampen, A., Cartus, A. T., Wätjen, W., Hengstler, J. G., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030489 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Boggs, D. L., Peckham, A. M., Boggs, A. A., & Ranganathan, M. (2016) · Mental Health Clinician · doi:10.9740/mhc.2016.11.277 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Made from concentrate? A national web survey assessing dab use in the United States
Sagar, K. A., Lambros, A. M., Dahlgren, M. K., Smith, R. T., & Gruber, S. A. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Halladay, J. E., Munn, C., Boyle, M., Jack, S. M., & Georgiades, K. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719854071 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A systematic review of neuroimaging and acute cannabis exposure in age-of-risk for psychosis
Cupo, L., Plitman, E., Guma, E., & Chakravarty, M. M. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01295-w · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cannabidiol and its Potential Evidence-Based Psychiatric Benefits – A Critical Review
Dammann, I., Rohleder, C., & Leweke, F. M. (2024) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-2228-6118 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Short-term effects of cannabis consumption on cognitive performance in medical cannabis patients
Olla, P., Rykulski, N., Hurtubise, J. L., Bartol, S. W., Foote, R., Cutler, L., Abeare, K., McVinnie, N., Sabelli, A. G., Hastings, M., et al. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2019.1681424 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Interaction of Cannabis Use and Aging: From Molecule to Mind
Yoo, H. B., DiMuzio, J. M., & Filbey, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2019.1665218 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Neurocognitive effects of cannabis: Lessons learned from human experimental studies
Colizzi, M., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2018) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lo, L. A., Christiansen, A. L., Strickland, J. C., Pistawka, C. A., Eadie, L., Vandrey, R. G., & MacCallum, C. A. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01847-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“2 and eResults).”
Fliegel, D. K., & Lichenstein, S. D. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100074 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“During response inhibition and auditory stimulation tasks, CBD has also been associated with reduced activation in regions of the insula (Borgwardt et al., 2008; Winton-Brown et al., 2011), whereas enhanced insula activation was found during a visual detection paradigm (Bhattacharyya et al.”
BackgroundCannabinoid Signaling in Auditory Function and Development
Ghosh, S., Stansak, K. L., & Walters, B. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.678510 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sensorimotor gating, cannabis use and the risk of psychosis
Winton‐Brown, T., Kumari, V., Windler, F., Moscoso, A., Stone, J. M., Kapur, S., & McGuire, P. K. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.02.017 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cannabinoids for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: New avenues for reaching and helping youth?
Thomsen, K. R., Thylstrup, B., Kenyon, E. A., Lees, R., Baandrup, L., Ewing, S. W. F., & Freeman, T. P. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.033 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“and auditory and visual cortex (processing of auditory and visual information (Bhattacharyya et al., 2010; Borgwardt et al., 2008; Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCatatonia Related to Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Review
Palma-Álvarez, R. F., Soriano-Día, A., Ros‐Cucurull, E., Daigre, C., Serrano-Pérez, P., Ortega‐Hernández, G., Perea-Ortueta, M., Salas, D. G., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., & Grau‐López, L. (2021) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2021.1904163 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Similarly, other reports have stated that cannabis use also decreases speech quantity (Higgins & Stitzer, 1986), and may modify functions in the auditory cortex which has been connected to induced-psychotic symptoms (Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
Cannabis related side effects in otolaryngology: A scoping review
Phulka, J., Howlett, J. W., & Hu, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1186/s40463-021-00538-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Navarro, D., Austrich-Olivares, A., & Manzanares, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1171646 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Besides, CBD does not display potential as a drug of abuse according to animal models (Parker et al., 2004; Vann et al., 2008; ViudezMartinez et al., 2019) and open trials carried out with healthy volunteers (Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Winton-Brown et al., 2011; Martin-Santos et al., 2012).”
BackgroundGaston, T. E., Allendorfer, J. B., Nair, S., Bebin, E. M., Grayson, L. E., Martin, R. C., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2020) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107358 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in the Human Nervous System
Kalant, H. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418679-8.00013-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Corli, G., Tirri, M., Arfè, R., Bilel, S., Marchetti, B., Gregori, A., Rosa, F. D., Vincenzi, F., De‐Giorgio, F., Borea, P. A., et al. (2022) · Emerging Trends in Drugs Addictions and Health · doi:10.1016/j.etdah.2022.100039 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gunasekera, B., Davies, C., Blest-Hopley, G., Veronese, M., Ramsey, N. F., Bossong, M. G., Radua, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Pretzsch, C., McAlonan, G., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104801 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Relationship between Cannabidiol and Psychosis: A Review
Silva, T. B. G., Balbino, C. Q., & Weiber, A. F. M. (2015) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371502700208 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kirkland, A. E., Browning, B. D., Meredith, L. R., Robertson, E. J., Herring, C., Tomko, R. L., Gray, K. M., & Squeglia, L. M. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02141-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Binkowska, A. A., Jakubowska, N., Gaca, M., Galant, N., Piotrowska‐Cyplik, A., & Brzezicka, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.677793 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Studies suggest that THC (tetrahydrocannabinol–the main psychoactive compound of cannabis) may interfere with visual information processing, which can lead to impairment of the visual memory of objects and increase the chances of false recognition (Böcker et al., 2010; Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
BackgroundNeuroimaging Evidence for Cannabinoid Modulation of Cognition and Affect in Man
Bhattacharyya, S., & Sendt, K.-V. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00022 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Winton-Brown et al. (2011) examined the modulation of activation during auditory and visual processing in healthy subjects as the acute abnormalities in sensory processing (Tart, 1970) under the influence of cannabis are similar to those experienced precuneus.”
BackgroundLu, Y., Marshall, C., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.045 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“This is also in line with a neuroimaging study showing that cannabis use could induce the activations of primary visual cortex, which is linked to simple visual hallucinations (Winton-Brown et al., 2011).”
Result
- Authors
- Winton-Brown, T. T., Allen, P., Bhattacharrya, S., Borgwardt, S. J., Fusar-Poli, P., Crippa, J. A., Seal, M. L., Martin-Santos, R., Ffytche, D., Zuardi, A. W., Atakan, Z., & McGuire, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Kings Health Partners (GB)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2011-03-16
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1340-1348
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC3096803
- OpenAlex
- W2028900932
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2011-06-15)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Psychiatry Research Trust
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabis, auditory processing, visual processing, psychotic symptoms, temporal cortex, Wernicke's area, posterior superior temporal gyrus, anxiety, poisoning, brain activation
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Afferent Pathways, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cannabidiol, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Dronabinol, Young Adult
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