Sleep duration, brain structure, and psychiatric and cognitive problems in children
Open accessAbstract
Low sleep duration in adults is correlated with psychiatric and cognitive problems. We performed for the first time a large-scale analysis of sleep duration in children, and how this relates to psychiatric problems including depression, to cognition, and to brain structure. Structural MRI was analyzed in relation to sleep duration, and psychiatric and cognitive measures in 11,067 9-11-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, using a linear mixed model, mediation analysis, and structural equation methods in a longitudinal analysis. Dimensional psychopathology (including depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior) in the children was negatively correlated with sleep duration. Dimensional psychopathology in the parents was also correlated with short sleep duration in their children. The brain areas in which higher volume was correlated with longer sleep duration included the orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal and temporal cortex, precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus. Longitudinal data analysis showed that the psychiatric problems, especially the depressive problems, were significantly associated with short sleep duration 1 year later. Further, mediation analysis showed that depressive problems significantly mediate the effect of these brain regions on sleep. Higher cognitive scores were associated with higher volume of the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Public health implications are that psychopathology in the parents should be considered in relation to sleep problems in children. Moreover, we show that brain structure is associated with sleep problems in children, and that this is related to whether or not the child has depressive problems.
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Low sleep duration and depression are related to structural differences of the orbitofrontal cortex.
“Low sleep duration and depression are also related to structural differences of the OFC (Cheng et al., 2020).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Cheng et al., 2020
Higher depressive problems scores were associated with reduced cortical areas or volumes of brain regions including the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex, temporal cortex, precuneus, superior and middle frontal gyrus, superior medial frontal cortex, angular and supramarginal gyrus, and hippocampus.
“In particular, higher depressive problems’ scores were associated with reduced cortical areas or volumes of brain regions that included the lateral and medial OFC, temporal cortex, precuneus, superior and middle frontal gyrus and superior medial frontal cortex, angular and supramarginal gyrus, and hippocampus (Cheng et al., 2020).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Cheng et al., 2020
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Latent Profiles of Sleep Patterns in Early Adolescence: Associations With Behavioral Health Risk
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Sleep of Children with High Potentialities: A Polysomnographic Study
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The association between sleep and empathy in young preschoolers: A population study
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Nocturnal sleep duration trajectories in early childhood and school performance at age 10 years
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Longitudinal Sex-at-Birth and Age Analyses of Cortical Structure in the ABCD Study
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Sleep disorder and behavior problems in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Sleep disorders causally affect the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study
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Assessing the joint effects of brain aging and gut microbiota on the risks of psychiatric disorders
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The 4C model of healthy sleep for childhood interpersonal trauma
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Association of white matter volume with sleep quality: a voxel-based morphometry study
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Félix, A. S., & Candeias, A. (2025) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep7040066 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Longitudinal relationships between lifestyle risk factors and neurodevelopment in early adolescence.
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Leveraging big data for causal understanding in mental health: a research framework
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The importance of sleep for the developing brain
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Yu, M., Jiang, Y., Gong, X., & Gao, X. (2024) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004241230325 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Feng, A., Zhi, D., Fu, Z., Yu, S. P., Luo, N., Calhoun, V. D., & Jing Sui （Beijing Normal University）， my correct affiliation is beijing normal university, N. Q. U. O. S. A. T. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01349-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Atlas of proteomic signatures of brain structure and its links to brain disorders
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Threshold effects of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
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- Authors
- Cheng, W., Rolls, E., Gong, W., Du, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Li, F., & Feng, J.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Wei
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2020-02-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3992-4003
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC8855973
- OpenAlex
- W3003276491
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 23.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71661167002)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- sleep duration, children, brain structure, brain volume, depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior, dimensional models of psychopathology, parental psychopathology, cognitive function, prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal cortex, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Prefrontal Cortex
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