Partially overlapping spatial environments trigger reinstatement in hippocampus and schema representations in prefrontal cortex
Open accessAbstract
When we remember a city that we have visited, we retrieve places related to finding our goal but also non-target locations within this environment. Yet, understanding how the human brain implements the neural computations underlying holistic retrieval remains unsolved, particularly for shared aspects of environments. Here, human participants learned and retrieved details from three partially overlapping environments while undergoing high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our findings show reinstatement of stores even when they are not related to a specific trial probe, providing evidence for holistic environmental retrieval. For stores shared between cities, we find evidence for pattern separation (representational orthogonalization) in hippocampal subfield CA2/3/DG and repulsion in CA1 (differentiation beyond orthogonalization). Additionally, our findings demonstrate that medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) stores representations of the common spatial structure, termed schema, across environments. Together, our findings suggest how unique and common elements of multiple spatial environments are accessed computationally and neurally.
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Pattern separation keeps cognitive maps and gists distinct from one another, but they can work in concert with schemas to aid in navigation.
“A process known as pattern separation [G] 65,66 keeps cognitive maps and gists distinct from one another, but they can work in concert with schemas to aid in navigation 38 .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
Zheng et al. showed that the mPFC represents a common spatial structure across environments that have shared and unique elements.
“In line with these ideas, Zheng et al. showed that the mPFC represents a common spatial structure across environments that have shared and unique elements 38 (see also Box 1).”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates of the fMRI BOLD Signal in the Hippocampus and Neocortex
Hill, P. F., Seger, S. E., Yoo, H. B., King, D. R., Wang, D. X., Lega, B. C., & Rugg, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0278-21.2021 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
van Kesteren, M. T. R., Brown, T. I., & Wagner, A. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00486 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Preston, A. R., Molitor, R. J., Pudhiyidath, A., & Schlichting, M. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21074-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [39]Preston, A. R., Molitor, R. J., Pudhiyidath, A. & Schlichting, M. L. in Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference (Second Edition) (ed. John H. Byrne) 125–132 (Academic Press, 2017).
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From cognitive maps to spatial schemas
Farzanfar, D., Spiers, H. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00655-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
From remembering to reconstruction: The transformative neural representation of episodic memory.
Xue, G. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102351 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zheng, L., Gao, Z., McAvan, A. S., Isham, E. A., & Ekstrom, A. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ekstrom, Arne D.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2021-10-28
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6231-6231
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8553856
- OpenAlex
- W3209873809
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS076856)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- spatial memory, place memory, reinstatement, hippocampus, CA2/3, CA1, dentate gyrus, pattern separation, medial prefrontal cortex, schema representation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Recall, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult, Memory, Episodic, Spatial Memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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