Cited by 4,360SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesImmune responses and vaccinations

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The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention

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Tay, Matthew Zirui, Poh, Chek Meng, Rénia, Laurent, MacAry, Paul A., Ng, Lisa F. P.·2020·Nature Reviews Immunology

DOI 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8PMC PMC7187672

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression. From nascent reports describing SARS-CoV-2, we make inferences on the basis of the parallel pathophysiological and immunological features of the other human coronaviruses targeting the lower respiratory tract - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Finally, we highlight the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation.

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Authors: Tay, M. Z., Poh, C. M., Rénia, L., MacAry, P. A., & Ng, L. F. P.
Affiliations: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
National University of Singapore (SG)
Corresponding author: Rénia, Laurent
MacAry, Paul A.
Ng, Lisa F. P.
ORCID: Tay, Matthew Zirui
Poh, Chek Meng
Rénia, Laurent
MacAry, Paul A.
Ng, Lisa F. P.
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-04-28
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 363-374
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
PMC: PMC7187672
OpenAlex: W3018517500
Cited by: 4,360
References: 136
Citations by year: 2026: 82 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 320 · 2023: 552 · 2022: 899 · 2021: 1369 · 2020: 961
FWCI: 44.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council
Biomedical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, immune response, inflammation, pathophysiology, immune dysregulation, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, lower respiratory tract infection, immune regulation, antiviral therapy, therapeutic interventions
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Progression, Pandemics

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The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention

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