Cited by 516COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchInflammation biomarkers and pathways

Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19

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Gustine, Joshua N., Jones, Dennis·2021·The American Journal of Pathology

Abstract

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide. Recent studies indicate that a hyperinflammatory syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 contributes to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. In this review, an overview of the pathophysiology underlying the hyperinflammatory syndrome in severe COVID-19 is provided. The current evidence suggests that the hyperinflammatory syndrome results from a dysregulated host innate immune response. The gross and microscopic pathologic findings as well as the alterations in the cytokine milieu, macrophages/monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and neutrophils in severe COVID-19 are summarized. The data highlighted include the potential therapeutic approaches undergoing investigation to modulate the immune response and abrogate lung injury in severe COVID-19.

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Authors
Gustine, J. N., & Jones, D.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Jones, Dennis
Venue
The American Journal of Pathology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-01
Volume
191
Issue
1
Pages
4-17
ISSN
0002-9440 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3086786425
Cited by
516
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 6
FWCI
4.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal Of Pathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, innate immune dysregulation, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, neutrophils, lung injury, immunomodulatory therapy, disease severity
MeSH terms
Cytokine Release Syndrome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Humans, Immune System, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Killer Cells, Natural, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, T-Lymphocytes, Virus Replication, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Extracellular Traps

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