Cited by 333Gut microbiota and healthAnimal Behavior and ReproductionInsect symbiosis and bacterial influences

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Why does the microbiome affect behaviour?

Johnson, Katerina V.-A., Foster, Kevin R.·2018·Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Abstract

Growing evidence indicates that the mammalian microbiome can affect behaviour, and several symbionts even produce neurotransmitters. One common explanation for these observations is that symbionts have evolved to manipulate host behaviour for their benefit. Here, we evaluate the manipulation hypothesis by applying evolutionary theory to recent work on the gut-brain axis. Although the theory predicts manipulation by symbionts under certain conditions, these appear rarely satisfied by the genetically diverse communities of the mammalian microbiome. Specifically, any symbiont investing its resources to manipulate host behaviour is expected to be outcompeted within the microbiome by strains that do not manipulate and redirect their resources into growth and survival. Moreover, current data provide no clear evidence for manipulation. Instead, we show how behavioural effects can readily arise as a by-product of natural selection on microorganisms to grow within the host and natural selection on hosts to depend upon their symbionts. We argue that understanding why the microbiome influences behaviour requires a focus on microbial ecology and local effects within the host.

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Authors: Johnson, K. V.-A., & Foster, K. R.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Johnson, Katerina V.-A.
Foster, Kevin R.
ORCID: Johnson, Katerina V.-A.
Foster, Kevin R.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-04-24
Volume: 16
Issue: 10
Pages: 647-655
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0014-3
OpenAlex: W2801800085
Cited by: 333
References: 136
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 7
FWCI: 3.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (1467154)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
Keywords: gut microbiota, host behavior, gut-brain axis, microbial evolution, host-microbe coevolution, microbial competition, host dependence, neurotransmitters, microbial ecology, natural selection
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Communicable Diseases, Biological Evolution, Humans, Mammals, Selection, Genetic, Microbiota

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