Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons
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Symbionts or probiotics are known to affect the nervous system. To understand the mechanisms involved, it is important to measure sensory neuron responses and identify molecules responsible for this interaction. Here we test the effects of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) and Bacteroides fragilis to the epithelium while making voltage recordings from intestinal primary afferent neurons. Sensory responses are recorded within 8 s of applying JB-1 and excitability facilitated within 15 min. Bacteroides fragilis produces similar results, as does its isolated, capsular exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide A. Lipopolysaccharide-free polysaccharide A completely mimics the neuronal effects of the parent organism. Experiments with a mutant Bacteroides fragilis devoid of polysaccharide A shows that polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for the neuronal effects. Complex carbohydrates have not been reported before as candidates for such signalling between symbionts and the host. These observations indicate new neuronal targets and invite further study of bacterial carbohydrates as inter-kingdom signalling molecules between beneficial bacteria and sensory neurons.
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Bacteroides fragilis, likely via its capsular exopolysaccharide, can influence ENS function, while L. rhamnosus strain JB-1 does so via a G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathway.
“Bacteroides (B.) fragilis for example, likely as a consequence of its capsular exopolysaccharide, can influence ENS function while an L. rhamnosus strain (JB-1) does so via a G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathway (Mao et al., 2013).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mao et al., 2013
The Abstract and Discussion report that B. fragilis affects intestinal sensory neurons and that its capsular polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for the observed effects. In “Short latency orthodromic responses to the bacteria and PSA” (page unavailable), a G-protein inhibitor abolished JB-1’s effect on neuronal excitability. That supports G-protein involvement, but the paper does not establish a specific G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathway for JB-1. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferent bacterial strains differentially influence enteric nerve activity and may do so by different mechanisms.
“different bacterial strains differentially influence enteric nerve activity but that they may do so by different mechanisms (Mao et al., 2013).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mao et al., 2013
The effects of L. rhamnosus JB-1 on the ENS are not dependent on diffusion of molecules from the epithelium to the myenteric neurons.
“the authors show that the effects on the ENS are not dependent on diffusion of molecules from the epithelium to the myenteric neurons.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mao et al., 2013
Intrinsic primary afferent neurons are cellular targets of neuroactive bacteria and transmit microbial messages to the brain via the vagus nerve.
“Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) are cellular targets of neuroactive bacteria and transmit microbial messages to the brain via the vagus nerve.135,136”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [136]
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- Authors
- Mao, Y.-K., Kasper, D. L., Wang, B., Forsythe, P., Bienenstock, J., & Kunze, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kunze, Wolfgang A.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2013-02-12
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1465-1465
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104319202
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 12.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- McMaster University
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Bacteroides fragilis, polysaccharide A, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, sensory neuron excitability, gut-brain axis, bacterial carbohydrates, myenteric plexus, commensal bacteria, enteric nervous system, symbiotic bacteria
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Bacteroides fragilis, Dissection, Epithelium, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Pyrazoles, Sensory Receptor Cells, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Mice, Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, In Vitro Techniques
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