Tutorial: guidelines for the experimental design of single-cell RNA sequencing studies
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is at the forefront of high-resolution phenotyping experiments for complex samples. Although this methodology requires specialized equipment and expertise, it is now widely applied in research. However, it is challenging to create broadly applicable experimental designs because each experiment requires the user to make informed decisions about sample preparation, RNA sequencing and data analysis. To facilitate this decision-making process, in this tutorial we summarize current methodological and analytical options, and discuss their suitability for a range of research scenarios. Specifically, we provide information about best practices for the separation of individual cells and provide an overview of current single-cell capture methods at different cellular resolutions and scales. Methods for the preparation of RNA sequencing libraries vary profoundly across applications, and we discuss features important for an informed selection process. An erroneous or biased analysis can lead to misinterpretations or obscure biologically important information. We provide a guide to the major data processing steps and options for meaningful data interpretation. These guidelines will serve as a reference to support users in building a single-cell experimental framework-from sample preparation to data interpretation-that is tailored to the underlying research context.
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The optimal read depths were ~10,000 in most evaluations, relatively low compared to previous recommendations.
“Specifically, we found the optimal read depths to be ~10,000 in most evaluations, which is relatively low compared to previous recommendations34–36,80,81.”
From scPower accelerates and optimizes the design of multi-sample single cell transcriptomic studies (2021) · cites this paper as [80]
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“For a detailed comparison of various raw data processing tools, we refer to Lafzi et al. 19 and consider count matrices as the starting point for our analysis workflow of unimodal scRNA-seq data.”
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scPower accelerates and optimizes the design of multi-sample single cell transcriptomic studies
Schmid, K. T., Höllbacher, B., Cruceanu, C., Böttcher, A., Lickert, H., Binder, E. B., Theis, F. J., & Heinig, M. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26779-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Benchmarking algorithms for pathway activity transformation of single-cell RNA-seq data
Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Q., Zhou, M., & Su, J. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Single-nucleus RNA-seq2 reveals functional crosstalk between liver zonation and ploidy
Richter, M. L., Deligiannis, I. K., Yin, K., Danese, A., Lleshi, E., Coupland, P., Vallejos, C. A., Matchett, K. P., Henderson, N. C., Colome-Tatche, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24543-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Peng, G., Cui, G., Ke, J., & Jing, N. (2020) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-120219-083220 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
So, J., Strobel, O., Wann, J., Kim, K., Paul, A., Acri, D. J., Dabin, L. C., Kim, J., Peng, G., & Roh, H. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.97981 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lafzi, A., Moutinho, C., Picelli, S., & Heyn, H.
- Affiliations
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ES)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Heyn, Holger
- Venue
- Nature Protocols
- Published
- 2018-11-16
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2742-2757
- ISSN
- 1750-2799 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-2189
- OpenAlex
- W2900606897
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 10 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Protocols (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (acceptedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Keywords
- single-cell RNA sequencing, experimental design, cell isolation, RNA-seq library preparation, single-cell data processing, sample preparation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Research Design, Specimen Handling, Gene Library, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Sample Size, Gene Expression Profiling, Genomics, Transcriptome
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