Cited by 380Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major DepressionStress Responses and Cortisol

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The role of inflammatory mediators in the biology of major depression: central nervous system cytokines modulate the biological substrate of depressive symptoms, regulate stress-responsive systems, and contribute to neurotoxicity and neuroprotection

Licinio, J, Wong, M-L·1999·Molecular Psychiatry

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Abstract

Depression represents a major public health problem. It is estimated that 13-20% of the population has some depressive symptoms at any given time and about 5% of the population is assumed to suffer from major depression. Known pathological processes include ischemia, neoplasia, necrosis, apoptosis, infection, and inflammation. Of those, inflammation is the most compatible with the waxing and waning course of depression, and could explain the biology of this disorder that has a fluctuating course with severe episodes that can be followed by partial or complete remission. Over the years a body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that major depression is associated with dysfunction of inflammatory mediators. Major depression commonly co-occurs with ischemic heart disease and decreased bone mineral density. Depressive symptoms are known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis, increasing the mortality rate of coronary artery disease. Several lines of evidence indicate that brain cytokines, principally interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-1 receptor antagonist may have a role in the biology of major depression, and that they might additionally be involved in the pathophysiology and somatic consequences of depression as well as in the effects of antidepressant treatment. A particularly unique and novel aspect of the studies and views discussed here is their potential to lead to interventions which may reduce the morbidity and mortality risks for osteoporosis, c…

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A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3): Inflammation, diseases, and therapeutics
Jope, R. S., Yuskaitis, C. J., & Beurel, E. (2007) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-006-9128-5 · Cited by 774
Stress and the inflammatory response: A review of neurogenic inflammation
Black, P. H. (2002) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00021-1 · Cited by 708
Research and treatment approaches to depression
Wong, M.-L., & Licinio, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35072566 · Cited by 656
Self-citation
Major depression after breast cancer: a review of epidemiology and treatment
Fann, J. R., Thomas-Rich, A. M., Katon, W. J., Cowley, D., Pepping, M., McGregor, B. A., & Gralow, J. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.10.008 · Cited by 586

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Authors: Licinio, J., & Wong, M.-L.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Licinio, J
ORCID: Licinio, J
Wong, M-L
Venue: Molecular Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1999-07-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 317-327
ISSN: 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
1476-5578
DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000586
OpenAlex: W2103997793
Cited by: 380
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 6.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: major depressive disorder, IL-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity, antidepressant treatment, cardiovascular risk, bone mineral density, osteoporosis
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Inflammation, Neurotoxins, Stress, Psychological, Cytokines, Neuroprotective Agents

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The role of inflammatory mediators in the biology of major depression: central nervous system cytokines modulate the biological substrate of depressive symptoms, regulate stress-responsive systems, and contribute to neurotoxicity and neuroprotection

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