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Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

Sacks, Henry S., Berrier, Jayne, Reitman, Dinah, Ancona-Berk, V.A., Chalmers, Thomas C.·1987·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm198702193160806

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Abstract

A new type of research, termed meta-analysis, attempts to analyze and combine the results of previous reports. We found 86 meta-analyses of reports of randomized controlled trials in the English-language literature. We evaluated the quality of these meta-analyses, using a scoring method that considered 23 items in six major areas--study design, combinability, control of bias, statistical analysis, sensitivity analysis, and application of results. Only 24 meta-analyses (28 percent) addressed all six areas, 31 (36 percent) addressed five, 25 (29 percent) addressed four, 5 (6 percent) addressed three, and 1 (1 percent) addressed two. Of the 23 individual items, between 1 and 14 were addressed satisfactorily (mean +/- SD, 7.7 +/- 2.7). We conclude that an urgent need exists for improved methods in literature searching, quality evaluation of trials, and synthesizing of the results.

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Winegardner, M. L., Reaume, K. T., Dabaja, G. S., & Kalus, J. S. (2007) · Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.1.143 · Cited by 2

Authors: Sacks, H. S., Berrier, J., Reitman, D., Ancona-Berk, V. A., & Chalmers, T. C.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1987-02-19
Volume: 316
Issue: 8
Pages: 450-455
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198702193160806
OpenAlex: W2067550511
Cited by: 1,250
References: 5
FWCI: 90.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

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