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Cited by 555Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and Health

Progressive Resistance Exercise and Resting Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Kelley, George A., Kelley, Kristi Sharpe·2000·Hypertension
DOI 10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.838
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Abstract

Abstract —Hypertension is a major public health problem affecting an estimated 43 million civilian, noninstitutionalized adults in the United States (24% of this population). The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of progressive resistance exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult humans. Studies were retrieved via (1) computerized literature searches, (2) cross-referencing from original and review articles, and (3) review of the reference list by 2 experts on exercise and blood pressure. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) trials that included a randomized nonexercise control group; (2) progressive resistance exercise as the only intervention; (3) adult humans; (4) journal articles, dissertations, and masters theses published in the English-language literature; (5) studies published and indexed between January 1966 and December 1998; (6) resting systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure assessed; and (7) training studies lasting a minimum of 4 weeks. Across all designs and categories, fixed-effects modeling yielded decreases of ≈2% and 4% for resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively (mean±SD systolic, −3±3 mm Hg; 95% bootstrap CI, −4 to −1 mm Hg; mean±SD diastolic, −3±2 mm Hg; 95% bootstrap CI, −4 to −1 mm Hg). It was concluded that progressive resistance exercise is efficacious for reducing resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. However, a need exists for additional studies that limit enrollment to hypertensive subjects as well as analysis of data with an intention-to-treat approach before the effectiveness of progressive resistance exercise as a nonpharmacological intervention can be determined.

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Crossref · 10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.838

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  • Both aerobic and resistance training can lower blood pressure in nondiabetic individuals, with slightly greater effects observed with aerobic training.

    “Both aerobic and resistance training can lower BP in nondiabetic individuals, with slightly greater effects observed with the former ( 49 , 134 , 135 , 137 ).”

    From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [135]

    The meta-analysis (p. 1) concludes that progressive resistance exercise lowers resting blood pressure in adults. Its introduction (p. 1) also describes aerobic exercise as recommended for lowering blood pressure, but the paper does not compare the size of aerobic and resistance-training effects. The Study Selection criteria (p. 2) do not restrict participants to nondiabetic adults. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Specific resistance/strength training regimes lead to meaningful reductions in systolic BP (up to 3 mmHg).

    “It has also been noted that specific resistance/strength training regimes also leads to meaningful reductions in systolic BP (up to 3 mmHg) [59,60].”

    From The Identification and Management of High Blood Pressure Using Exercise Blood Pressure: Current Evidence and Practical Guidance (2022) · cites this paper as [60]

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. [5]5. Belles DR. The Benefits of Circuit Weight Training in Law Enforcement Personnel [dissertation]. Gainesville, Fla: University of Florida; 1989.
  2. [6]6. Blumenthal JA, Siegal WC, Appelbaum M. Failure of exercise to reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. JAMA . 1991;266: 2098-2104.
  3. [7]7. Byrne HK. The Effects of Exercise Training on Resting Metabolic Rate and Resting Blood Pressure in Women [dissertation] . Austin, Tex: University of Texas at Austin; 1997.
  4. [9]9. Don BWM. The Effects of Strength Training on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress and Psychological Well-Being in College Women [dissertation] . Boston, Mass: Boston University; 1996.
  5. [16]16. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis . San Diego, Calif: Academic Press; 1985.
  6. [17]17. Sacks HS, Berrier J, Reitman D, Ancona-Berk VA, Chalmers TC. Metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. N Engl J Med . 1987;316: 450-455.
  7. [30]30. National Center for Health Statistics. Healthy People 2000 Review, 1997 . Hyattsville, Md: Public Health Service; 1997.

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Authors
Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S.
Affiliations
Northern Illinois University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Hypertension
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2000-03
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
838-843
ISSN
  • 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4563
DOI
10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.838
OpenAlex
W2117394410
Cited by
555
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 49
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
American Heart Association
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
progressive resistance training, resting blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, non-pharmacological treatment, exercise training, adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Pressure, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Rest, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome

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