The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women
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BACKGROUND: The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet, with weight loss if indicated, to correct elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Weight loss accomplished by simple caloric restriction or increased exercise typically increases the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Little is known about the effects on plasma lipoproteins of a hypocaloric NCEP diet with or without exercise in overweight people. METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that exercise (walking or jogging) will increase HDL cholesterol levels in moderately overweight, sedentary people who adopt a hypocaloric NCEP diet. We randomly assigned 132 men and 132 women 25 to 49 years old to one of three groups: control, hypocaloric NCEP diet, or hypocaloric NCEP diet with exercise. One hundred nineteen of the men and 112 of the women returned for testing after one year. RESULTS: After one year, the subjects in both intervention groups had reached or closely approached NCEP Step 1 dietary goals and reduced their mean body fat significantly (range of reduction in mean fat weight, 4.0 to 7.8 kg). Weight loss on the NCEP diet alone did not significantly change HDL cholesterol levels in either the men or the women as compared with the subjects in the control group. Plasma levels of HDL cholesterol increased significantly more in the men who exercised and dieted (mean [+/- SE] change, +13 +/- 3 percent) than in the men who only dieted (+2 +/- 3 percent, P less than 0.01) or the men who acted as controls (-4 +/- 2 percent, P less than 0.001). HDL cholesterol levels remained about the same in the women who exercised and dieted (+1 +/- 2 percent); they were higher than in the women who only dieted (-10 +/- 3 percent, P less than 0.01), but not higher than in the controls (-3 +/- 3 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Regular exercise in overweight men and women enhances the improvement in plasma lipoprotein levels that results from the adoption of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
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Several exercise trials combined with weight loss reported larger improvements in CVD risk factors.
“Several exercise trials combined with weight loss reported larger improvements in CVD risk factors.21,40,41”
From Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults: the CardioRACE trial (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Williams, P. T., & Haskell, W. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1991-08-15
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 461-466
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2013899239
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 25.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k04hl002183-05, 5r01hl024462-10)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-24462, HL-02183)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- serum lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol, weight loss, hypocaloric diet, low saturated fat diet, cholesterol-lowering diet, physical activity, overweight adults, sex differences, fat loss, caloric restriction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Cholesterol, Dietary, Coronary Disease, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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