Gastric stimulation in obese subjects activates the hippocampus and other regions involved in brain reward circuitry
Open accessAbstract
The neurobiological mechanisms underlying overeating in obesity are not understood. Here, we assessed the neurobiological responses to an Implantable Gastric Stimulator (IGS), which induces stomach expansion via electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve to identify the brain circuits responsible for its effects in decreasing food intake. Brain metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography and 2-deoxy-2[ 18 F]fluoro- d -glucose in seven obese subjects who had the IGS implanted for 1–2 years. Brain metabolism was evaluated twice during activation (on) and during deactivation (off) of the IGS. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was obtained to measure the behavioral components of eating (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating). The largest difference was in the right hippocampus, where metabolism was 18% higher ( P < 0.01) during the “on” than “off” condition, and these changes were associated with scores on “emotional eating,” which was lower during the on than off condition and with “uncontrolled eating,” which did not differ between conditions. Metabolism also was significantly higher in right anterior cerebellum, orbitofrontal cortex, and striatum during the on condition. These findings corroborate the role of the vagus nerve in regulating hippocampal activity and the importance of the hippocampus in modulating eating behaviors linked to emotional eating and lack of control. IGS-induced activation of regions previously shown to be involved in drug craving in addicted subjects (orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum) suggests that similar brain circuits underlie the enhanced motivational drive for food and drugs seen in obese and drug-addicted subjects, respectively.
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Electrochemical testing of the sputtered iridium oxide films on liquid crystal polymer showed that the cathodic charge storage capacity and the injectable charge limit were higher than those obtained for activated and electrodeposited iridium oxide films [4] [5] [6] [7].
“Electrochemical testing of the sputtered iridium oxide films on liquid crystal polymer showed that the cathodic charge storage capacity and the injectable charge limit were higher than those obtained for activated and electrodeposited iridium oxide films [4] [5] [6] [7].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Wang, G.-J., Yang, J., Volkow, N. D., Telang, F., Ma, Y., Zhu, W., Wong, C. T., Tomasi, D., Thanos, P. K., & Fowler, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-10-17
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 15641-15645
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2111241845
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA 9481, Y1 AA 3009, R01AA009481)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA6278, DA6891, R01DA006278, R01DA006891)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR010710)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- gastric electrical stimulation, obesity, vagus nerve stimulation, hippocampus, brain reward system, emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, food intake regulation, brain glucose metabolism, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, anterior cerebellum, overeating, drug addiction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Eating, Electric Stimulation, Emotions, Female, Gastric Mucosa, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reward, Statistics as Topic
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